Marine actinomycetes is a group of bacteria that is highly potential in producing novel bioactive compound. It has unique characteristics and is different from other terrestrial ones. Extreme environmental condition is suspected to lead marine actinomycetes produce different types of bioactive compound found previously. The aim of this study was to explore the presence and diversity of NRPS genes in 14 anticancer-producing actinomycetes isolated from marine sediment in Indonesia. PCR amplifi cation and restriction fragment analysis of NRPS genes with HaeIII from 14 marine actinomycetes were done to assess the diversity of NRPS genes. Genome mining of one species of marine actinomycetes (strain GMY01) also was employed towards this goal. The result showed that NRPS gene sequence diversity in 14 marine actinomycetes could be divided into 4 groups based on NRPS gene restriction patterns. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences of representatives from each group showed that all isolates belong to genus of Streptomyces. Genome mining result showed that strain GMY01 harboring 10 different NRPS gene clusters that encode secondary metabolites, as pure NRPS or hybrid between NRPS and other compounds. These results indicated that marine actinomycetes having a high potential to be developed as source of anticancer drugs development.
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IntroductionWide range of bioactive compounds metabolites were isolated and identified from soil actinomycetes. Recently, the rate of new metabolites discovery from terrestrial
Granola L. is one of potato variety that is very popular in Indonesia and is currently difficult to replace by other varieties. One of the efforts to maintain the genetic purity of the Granola L. variety can be done through biotechnology technique using molecular markers. This research aimed to obtain molecular markers for the Granola L variety. The selection of molecular markers was carried out at the Molecular Biology Laboratory and screenhouse of Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute (IVEGRI) from March to October 2020. The treatments consisted of DNA of Granola L variety from Source Seed Management Unit (UPBS) - IVEGRI, 8 DNA genotypes/germplasm collections which were assumed to be Granola or has a Granola background (Granola BPBK, GM-05, G2, G8, G-771, G-772, GC21, Papita), and 2 DNA genotypes that do not have Granola background (non-Granola) namely Spudi and Amabil varieties. The molecular markers used in this study were 17 SSR primers (Simple Sequence Repeats) from Indonesian Agricultural Genome Center. The results showed that 11 primers were monomorphic and 6 primers were polymorphic. These polymorphic primers still cannot specifically distinguish between Granola L. and non-Granola L. varieties. There is one primer that can distinguish Granola and non-Granola in terms of the band size formed. Further research is needed to find molecular markers that can distinguish Granola L from varieties/genotypes/germplasm collections that are assumed to be Granola L. or having the Granola L. genetic background.
Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. f.sp. cepae (Hanz.) Synd. et Hans. is a fungus that causes Fusarium wilt in shallots, which causes damage to tubers and reduces yields by more than 50%. This disease is difficult to control, because it can form spores that can survive in the soil for a long time, and are saprophytic on the remains of other plants. This study was conducted to determine the effect of the application of 5 kinds of Actinomycetes isolates (SW13, SW5, BYM1, BYM4, and SIO 5), with 3 kinds of concentrations (5 ml, 10 ml, and 15 ml/plant) on the Mentes variety shallots. Fusarium oxysporum. The results showed that the application of the isolate code SIO5 to the Mentes variety of shallots gave the best effect in suppressing the attack of Fusarium oxysporum by 52.2%. In addition, the suspension of SIO5 isolate also had a positive effect on plant height of 41.5 cm, number of tillers of 8.89, and tuber weight of 42.84 grams. While the type of concentration did not have a good effect on the incidence of disease, plant height, and the number of tillers and tuber weight.
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