This paper presents a new method of page seyme.ntation based o n analysis of background (white u.~eas). The proposed method is capable of seymentiny puyes with non-rectangular layout as well as with varLo~u.s omgles of skew. The characteristics of the method is II.S follows: (1) Thinning of background enables u*s to represent white areas of any shape as connected thin lines or chains. The robustness for tilted page ima,ges is u.1~0 achieved by the representation. (2) Based on this representation, the task of page segmentation is dejhed as to find loops enclosing printed areas. The tu.sX: is achieved by eliminating unnecessary chains using ,not only a feature of white areas, but also a feature of black areas divided by a chain. Based on the expe.rimentu.1 results and the comparison with previous ,methods, 'we discuss the advantages and limitations of the proposed method.

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This paper presents an attempt to construct a feedback systenr PECOF which improves a Japauese-English Machine Translation system by feedback of correcting information given by posteditors. PECOF analyzes the error-correcting information by using an English-Japmmse Machine Translation system which works in the reverse direction to the original MT sys~ tern, corot)ares the intermediate expressions of the corrected patterns with those of the erroneous parts of the originai MT output at every transfer stage and idenLifies the responsible parts of the original Japanese-English M'P system. Then PECOF corrects the