“…In the 1980s and early 1990s, some researchers developed conceptual information retrieval systems that made use of complex linguistic processing and knowledge‐based inferencing to extract information from text to store in a semantic representation or knowledge representation system. Examples of such systems are RIME (Berrut, 1990), the patent‐claim retrieval system described by Nishida and Takamatsu (1982), SCISOR (Rau, 1987; Rau et al, 1989), and FERRET (Mauldin, 1991). Information retrieval was performed by comparing the information in the store with the semantic representation of the user's query.…”