This study retrospectively investigated 192 teenage speed and figure skaters with prior injuries documented by an athletes’ questionnaire, who underwent a physical examination to assess their muscle tightness and generalized joint laxity. In all athletes, the degree of muscle tightness and joint laxity were measured by a standardized physical examination. A descriptive report of the types of injuries showed a predominance of fractures, ligament injuries, enthesitis, and lower back pain. Approximately 5% of all skaters tested positive for tightness, while 25.8% of figure skaters and 15.2% of speed skaters had generalized ligamentous laxity. Statistical testing showed an association between ankle sprains and muscle tightness, and an association between knee enthesitis and muscle tightness in skating athletes. There was also an association between lower back pain and generalized joint laxity, which held true only for the male skaters.
-From a high performance capillary electrophoretic experiment in a phosphate buffer ( pH 3.5 ), Eosine Y was found for the first time to migrate together with protein in a capillary tube as a supramolecular complex. This finding gave us not only the possibility to overcome the serious problems in protein estimation, but also the possibility to measure the Eosine Y in place of protein much more sensitively by several methods. However the results obtained so far were not so good.Key words protein, separation, detection, capillary electrophoresisThough high performance capillary electrophoresis ( HPCE ) has, so far, shown an excellent performance for the separation of various kinds of compounds having relatively low molecular weights, the method was not always satisfactory for the separation of bio-polymers such as protein, glycoprotein and lipoprotein owing to ( i } appearance of plural peaks in fluorescence ( FL ) detection of the protein labeled with fluorophore[1], ( ii ) low sensitivity in the detection of protein, and ( iii ) adsorption of protein onto the inner wall of a capillary tube. During the course of an investigation for the separation of protein by HPCE in a phosphate buffer ( pH 3.5 ), Eosine Y ( EY ) was found for the first time to migrate together with protein in a capillary tube as a supramolecular complex in the presence or absence of molybdate, silver ( I ) and mercury (II). Since this finding gave us not only the possibility to overcome the above-mentioned problems, but also the possibility to measure the EY in a supramolecular complex much more sensitively by several methods, it prompted us to carry out the present study.EXPERIMENTAL
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