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A transport equation for scalar flux in turbulent premixed flames was modelled on the basis of DNS databases. Fully developed turbulent premixed flames were obtained for three different density ratios of flames with a single-step irreversible reaction, while the turbulent intensity was comparable to the laminar burning velocity. These DNS databases showed that the countergradient diffusion was dominant in the flame region. Analyses of the Favre-averaged transport equation for turbulent scalar flux proved that the pressure related terms and the velocity-reaction rate correlation term played important roles on the countergradient diffusion, while the mean velocity gradient term, the mean progress variable gradient term and dissipation terms suppressed it. Based on these analyses, modelling of the combustion-related terms was discussed. The mean pressure gradient term and the fluctuating pressure term were modelled by scaling, and these models were in good agreement with DNS databases. The dissipation terms and the velocity-reaction rate correlation term were also modelled, and these models mimicked DNS well. Nomenclature BFrequency factor (1/s·K) c Progress variable C p Specific heat at constant pressure (J/kg·K) D Diffusion coefficient (m 2 /s) e L Laminar flame thickness (m) e t Total energy per volume (J/m 3 ) E Activation energy (J/kg) k Turbulent kinetic energy (m 2 /s 2 )

Database obtained earlier in 3D Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) of statistically stationary, 1D, planar turbulent flames characterized by three different density ratios σ is processed in order to investigate vorticity transformation in premixed combustion under conditions of moderately weak turbulence (rms turbulent velocity and laminar flame speed are roughly equal to one another). In cases H and M characterized by σ = 7.53 and 5.0, respectively, anisotropic generation of vorticity within the flame brush is reported. In order to study physical mechanisms that control this phenomenon, various terms in vorticity and enstrophy balance equations are analyzed, with both mean terms and terms conditioned on a particular value c of the combustion progress variable being addressed. Results indicate an important role played by baroclinic torque and dilatation in transformation of average vorticity and enstrophy within both flamelets and flame brush. Besides these widely recognized physical mechanisms, two other effects are documented. First, viscous stresses redistribute enstrophy within flamelets, but play a minor role in the balance of the mean enstrophy within turbulent flame brush. Second, negative correlation u · ∇ between fluctuations in velocity u and enstrophy gradient contributes substantially to an increase in the mean within turbulent flame brush. This negative correlation is mainly controlled by the positive correlation between fluctuations in the enstrophy and dilatation and, therefore, dilatation fluctuations substantially reduce the damping effect of the mean dilatation on the vorticity and enstrophy fields. In case L characterized by σ = 2.5, these effects are weakly pronounced and is reduced mainly due to viscosity. Under conditions of the present DNS, vortex stretching plays a minor role in the balance of vorticity and enstrophy within turbulent flame brush in all three cases. C 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. [http://dx

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