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Abstract-Novel methods for initial position estimation during startup are presented for interior permanent-magnet synchronous machine (IPMSM) drives. The magnet cavities in the IPMSM rotor create a sizable difference in the inductances of the two orthogonal rotor axes. This spatial saliency based on the rotor position makes it possible to use persistent, rotating or pulsating vector, carrier-frequency image tracking techniques to reliably identify and track the orientation of the and axes even when the rotor is at standstill. However, additional details in the saliency image must be used to identify the polarization of the magnets in order to distinguish the north and south poles. The magnet polarity is identified using magnetic saturation effects on the saliency image to uniquely identify the polarity being tracked. Carrier currents for both rotating and pulsating voltage carrier injection are derived by using IPM machine model including saturation and verified by measured carrier current components. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithms are capable of reliable and fast initial position estimation including the polarity at standstill.

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Electrical drive systems, which include electrical machines and power electronics, are a key enabling technology for advanced vehicle propulsion systems that reduce the petroleum dependence of the ground transportation sector. To have significant effect, electric drive technologies must be economical in terms of cost, weight, and size while meeting performance and reliability expectations. Interior permanent magnet machines with fractional-slot concentrated windings have been shown to be good candidates for hybrid traction applications. One of the key challenges is the additional stator magnetomotive force sub-and superharmonic components that lead to higher losses in the rotor as well as saturation effects. This paper tries to address this issue by looking into the concept of stator shifting. The generalized concept of stator shifting in the context of the harmonic components that are targeted for cancellation is presented; the focus is on single-layer and double-layer windings that have stator space subharmonics. It is shown that the stator shifting can reduce the loss-producing harmonics on the rotor as well as help the flux weakening performance of the fractional-slot concentrated winding designs. The cancellation of the loss harmonics is introduced as a method in which a particular harmonic can be targeted as well as reduce the phase inductance of the machine allowing for more room in terms of the operating voltage at higher speed. The concept of stator shifting will be explained, and the effect of varying the shift angle on the various harmonic components and winding factors will be investigated. Various designs, arising out of single-layer and double winding layer 10-pole, 12-slot configuration (targeting the FreedomCAR specifications) with varied shift angles are evaluated. The comparison between these designs in terms of their power density, efficiency, and torque ripple is presented.

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