The OE test proved to be a useful tool for screening olfactory disturbance in the Japanese population. Scores of 8 or higher on the OE test should be judged as normal for screening.
We aimed to investigate the pathophysiology of diabetes-associated hearing impairment in type 1 diabetes using mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes (C57BL/6J; male). Hearing function was evaluated 1, 3, and 5 months after induction of diabetes (five diabetic and five control animals per time point) using auditory-evoked brain stem responses (ABRs). Mice (four diabetic and four control) were exposed to loud noise (105 dB) 5 months after induction of diabetes. ABRs were measured before and after noise exposure. Cochlear blood flows were measured by laser-Doppler flowmeter. Spiral ganglion cells (SGCs) were counted. Vessel endothelial cells were observed by CD31 immunostaining. Chronologic changes in the ABR threshold shift were not significantly different between the diabetic and control groups. However, vessel walls in the modiolus of the cochleae were significantly thicker in the diabetic group than the control group. Additionally, recovery from noise-induced injury was significantly impaired in diabetic mice. Reduced cochlea blood flows and SGC loss were observed in diabetic mice cochleae after noise exposure. Our data suggest that diabetic cochleae are more susceptible than controls to loud noise exposure, and decreased cochlear blood flow due to sclerosis of the vessels and consequent loss of SGCs are possible mechanisms of hearing impairment in diabetic patients.
ObjectiveAge-related hearing loss (AHL), or presbycusis, is the most common sensory disorder among the elderly. We used C57BL/6J mice as an AHL model to determine a possible association between AHL and a high-fat diet (HFD).MethodsForty C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to a control or HFD group. Each group was divided into the following subgroups: 1-, 3-, 5- and 12-month groups (HFD, n = 5/subgroup; control, n = 5/subgroup). Nine CBA/N-slc mice were also used as a 12-month control (n = 5) or 12-month HFD (n = 4) group. The mice were fed a HFD or normal (control) diet throughout this study. Hearing function was evaluated at 1, 3, 5 and 12 months using auditory evoked brainstem responses (ABRs). Spiral ganglion cells (SGCs) were also counted.ResultsThe elevation of ABR thresholds (at 4 and 32 kHz) at 3 and 5 months was significantly suppressed in the HFD group compared with the control groups for C57BL/6J mice. After 12 months, the elevation of ABR thresholds was significantly suppressed in the HFD group at all frequencies for C57BL/6J mice. In contrast, CBA/N-slc mice displayed opposite outcomes, as ABR thresholds at all frequencies at 12 months were significantly elevated in the HFD group compared with the control group. For the C57BL/6J mice at 12 months, SGC numbers significantly decreased in all parts of the cochleae in the control group compared with the HFD groups. In contrast, for the CBA/N-slc mice, SGC numbers significantly decreased, particularly in the upper parts of the cochleae in the HFD group compared with the control groups.ConclusionsThe elevation in ABR thresholds and SGC loss associated with aging in the HFD-fed C57BL/6J mice were significantly suppressed compared with those in the normal diet-fed mice. These results suggest that HFD delays AHL progression in the C57B/6J mice.
A 68-year-old woman with an unusual tumor involving the right orbit presented with painful exophthalmos of the right eye. Excision biopsy of her right eyelid was performed. The specimen showed ductal differentiation with comma-like extensions identical to syringoma. Cellular atypia, an invasive growth pattern, and remarkable perineural invasion led to the diagnosis of syringomatous carcinoma. Magnetic resonance imaging showed that the tumor exhibited maxillary involvement, invading the supraorbital fissure and bone of the middle skull base. The patient underwent craniofacial resection and has been alive with no sign of recurrence for 2 years. This case suggests that wide excision of these tumors with a clear surgical margin using skull base surgical techniques may offer a good prognosis.
Objective: To test the efficacy of topical treatment with gentian violet on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
Study Design: Retrospective study.Setting: Territorial referral centre.Patients: Patients with discharging ears infected with MRSA alone or MRSA and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA).
Intervention: One percent gentian violet was applied.Main Outcome: Remission of discharge.
Results: Remission was obtained in 44 of 46 ears infected with MRSA, whereas remission was obtained in only 3 of 6 ears infected with MRSA and PA. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of gentian violet for MRSA strains sensitive to topical application of gentian violet and strains resistant to this treatment were 0.03 ^g/mL and 0.5%, respectively. The MIC for PA resistant to topical gentian violet treatment was higher than 32 (ig/mL Conclusions: Topical application of gentian violet is a useful option for the treatment of refractory discharging ears infected with MRSA. However, great care must be taken if there is any chance of the gentian violet reaching the middle ear.
SOMMAIRE
Objectif: Tester I'efficacite du violet de gentian pour traiter le Staphylocoque dore resistant a la methicilline (SARM)
Dews.' Etude retrospectiveLocalisation: Centre de reference territorial.
Patients: Patients avec otorrhee infectee par le SARM seul ou le SARM avec Pseudomonas Aeruginosa (PA).
Intervention: Application de violet de gentian a 1%Variable evaluee: Correction de I'otorrhee.
Resultats: Nous avons obtenu un arret de I'otorrhee chez 44 des 46 oreilles infectees par le SARM mais seulement 3 sur 6 infectees par le SARM et le Pseudomonas. La concentration minimale inhibltrice du violet de gentian pour les souches sensibles et resistantes au traitement etait de 0.03 |jg/ml et de 0.5% respectivement. Dans le cas des pseudomonas resistants, la CMI etait de 32 )ig/ml. Conclusion: L'application topique de violet de gentian est une option utile dans le traitement de I'otorrhee refractaire causee par le SARM. II faut bien sur toujours etre prudent s'il y a une chance que le violet de gentian atteigne I'oreille moyenne.
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