The rice brown planthopper is a rice pest, which one is very harmful when the nitrogen fertilizer is applied at a higher rate. To evaluate the effect of brown plant hopper by using different fertilizers on transplanted basmati rice, a field experiment was conducted at the experimental farm of School of Agriculture, in Lovely Professional University, Punjab during Kharif season 2015-2016. The different fertilizer doses were used, and the experiment comprised of 15 treatments. The results showed that the nitrogen fertilizer did not harm to rice crop, but the attack of brown planthopper was increased due to more succulent tissues of a rice plant. The nitrogen increased the photosynthesis effect and ratio in the plant due to more production of chlorophyll. In case of another fertilizer P and K (P 2 O 5 and K 2 O) are not promoting but also nor affecting to insect/pests attack. Zinc sulfate proved that its effect was much positive towards crop because the zinc sulfate making less susceptibility of plants to pest attack at all doses. The rice crop was showed highest brown plant hopper attack at 50 kg ha -1 of nitrogen and also showed maximum plant height, number of tillers, panicles/plant, and 1000 grain weight. Maximum grain and straw yield (7093 kg/ha, 8753 kg/ha) was recorded in T9 where N-50, P-40 kg ha -1 was applied. The grain yield and straw yield was recorded maximum in treated plots as compared to the control.
Background: Maize is one of the best cereal crop as it is also known as “Queen of cereals” by giving good taste, having more hybrid varieties, good production and price also. But to make maize best cereal well fertile and neutral soil is important. In the several previous years tthere was good soil, plant and environment relationship but due to passing the time soil health was deteriorated by using the more amount of inorganic fertilizers (beyond the limit). The insect pest attack was also increased due to uses of more amount of fertilizers. Soil becomes topic in nature and most of the inorganic chemical leached down and mixed with the water table. Material: The two year field experiment was conducted at experimental farm at Lovely Professional University Phagwara Punjab during the kharif season 2019- 2020 to study the influence of integrated use of organic manures and inorganic fertilizers on physio-chemical properties of soil and yield of kharif maize in coarse loamy Typic Haplustept soil with 8 treatments treatments T1- Control, T2 - RDF (125:60:30) kg ha-1, T3- RDF +10 ton farmyard manure ha-1, T4- 75% RDF + 10 ton farm yard manure ha-1+ Vermicompost @2 ton/ha, T5-75% RDF +10 ton farmyard manure ha-1, T6- 50% RDF +10 ton farm yard manure + vermicompost@2 ton ha-1 + azotobacter ha-1, T7-50% RDF +15 ton of farmyard manure +azotobacter ha-1, T8-25 % RDF + azotobacter + vermicompost@ 2 ton ha-1 in RBD design with 3 replications. Result: The soil pH was found highest in T2 (RDF (125:60:30) kg ha-1) (7.8) whereas highest EC was found in T6 (50% RDF +10 ton farm yard manure + vermicompost@2 ton ha-1 + azotobacter ha-1) (0.27 dsm-1). The highest bulk density found under T1 (Control) ( 2.02 gcm-3) and porosity was highest in T8 (25 % RDF + azotobacter + vermicompost@ 2 ton ha-1) (37.96%). In T6 (50% RDF +10 ton farm yard manure + vermicompost@2 ton ha-1 + azotobacter ha-1), the highest amount of Nitrogen (412.3 kgh-1), phosphorus (67.77 kgh-1), potassium (884.3 kgh-1) and organic carbon (0.567%) was found. In terms of yield parameters, the grain yield (4223 kgh-1), straw yield (6266 kgh-1), harvest index (41.53%) and 1000- seed weight (366.86gms) was found highest in T6 ((50% RDF +10 ton farm yard manure + vermicompost@2 ton ha-1 + azotobacter ha-1). There are significant difference in all the treatements with respect to the physio-chemical properties of soil and yield paramters of maize.
In the last 60 years, chemical fertilizer has played a significant role in world food production. It provides around half of the total amount of N that crops need. Nitrates (NO3) leaching, ammonia (NH3) volatilization and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions contribute to low crop production efficiency (10 to 50 percent) principally due to the loss of N through these processes. Furthermore, nitrogen fertilizer production costs are extremely high. Technology like nitrogen inhibitors and slow-releasing nitrogen fertilizers are used to boost nutrient uptake, fertilizer use efficiency, and crop yields as a result of these situations. Typical haplustept soils were studied to see how changing fertilizers affected growth, yield, and soil genetic indicators. Fertilizer doses and sources affect soil biological characteristics, which in turn affects enzymatic activity. In the right circumstances, enzymes alter the nitrogen supply in the soil and the plant's expansion and limestone structure. The Lovely Professional University School of Agriculture, Phagwara, Punjab, conducted two years of fertilizer studies in a rice-wheat cropping system on typical Haplustept soils from 2018 to 2020. Neem coated urea + PK + S + Zn–EDTA performed significantly better than the other treatments for almost all crop growth and agronomic yield attributing characteristics (plant height, number of tillers, effective tillers, panicle/spikelet length and grain per spik, test weight, grain and straw yields). At various stages of rice-wheat growth, enzyme activity in the soil (dehydrogenase and aryl sulfatase) was also measured in the current study. Enzyme activity peaked at the heading stage in surface soil in all treatments, and then steadily declined thereafter. For both stages of crop growth in surface soil, the highest dehydrogenase and aryl sulfatase activity was found in urea + PK + S + Zn –EDTA covered with Neem. Anhydrous ammonia was shown to have the lowest enzymatic activity.
Background: Soil is important medium of all living beings. Due to the high doses of fertilizers application soil heath is getting deteriorated. Soil fertility variation restricts efficient fertilizer N management when broad based blanket recommendations are used in maize (Zea mays L.). Site-specific fertilizer nitrogen management (SSNM) could be the best management option to avoid excessive and untimely nitrogen (N) applications in maize. Methods: A field experiment was conducted at agronomy Farm, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara during kharif season of 2020 and 2021 to study the nitrogen management using leaf colour chart (LCC) and chlorophyll meter in maize (Zea mays L.). Colour (of the first top maize leaf with fully exposed collar) as measured by comparison with different shades of green colour on a leaf colour chart (LCC) and also by SPAD meter. Need based fertilizer application at LCC5 and SPAD 50 significantly improved growth and yield attributes viz., plant height, dry matter accumulation plant-1, number of leaves plant-1, stem diameter, number of internodes plant-1, leaf area index, cob length, cob girth, number of cobs plant-1, number of grains cob-1, grain weight plant-1 and 1000-grain weight along with higher grain and stover yields, grain protein content over fixed time application of 1200 kg N ha-1. Result: Evaluation of the established threshold leaf greenness revealed that fertilizer N management using LCC 5 and SPAD 50 starting from six-leaf stage to before silking stage resulted in improved agronomic efficiency in maize. There was no response to fertilizer N application at silking stage. The study concluded that in maize, fertilizer N can be more efficiently managed by applying fertilizer N dose based on leaf colour as measured by LCC than blanket recommendation.
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