The neuroprotective effects of W. somnifera were studied on stressed adult female Swiss albino rats. Experimental rats were subjected to immobilization stress for 14 h and were treated with a root powder extract of W. somnifera available as Stresscom capsules (Dabur India Ltd). Control rats were maintained in completely, non stressed conditions. Thionin stained serial coronal sections (7 microm) of brain passing through the hippocampal region of stressed rats (E(1) group) demonstrated 85% degenerating cells (dark cells and pyknotic cells) in the CA(2) and CA(3) sub-areas. Treatment with W. somnifera root powder extract significantly reduced (80%) the number of degenerating cells in both the areas. The study thus demonstrates the antistress neuroprotective effects of W. somnifera.

Arylamines on diazotization and further treatment with dicyandiamide yielded aryldicyandiamide (1a-d), which on addition with aminoxy compound (2) gave corresponding biguanides (3a-d). Cycloaddition of biguanide with ethylchloroacetate furnished 2,4,6-trisubstituted-s-triazines (4a-d). Subsequent treatment of these compounds with N-hydroxyphthalimide or N-hydroxysuccinimide in presence of triethylamine gave final compounds (5a-h). IR, 1 H NMR and mass spectra were used to confirm their structure. Compounds (5a-h) were screened for antibacterial (Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aureus and Staphylococcus aureus) and antifungal (Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus) activities. Antibacterial activity revealed that compounds 5a, 5b, 5c, 5g showed comparable activity against bacteria P. vulgaris, P. aureus, where rest of the compounds showed weak activity against all the pathogenic bacteria. The fungicidal data indicated that compound 5d possess high level activity and rest of the compounds showed comparable to the standard. In the present communication, a series of 2-(2',4'-MATERIALS AND METHODS dinitroarylaminoxy)-4-methoxyphthalimido or methoxysucc inimido-6-(4"-subs.anilino)-s-triazine (5a-h) have been Melting points of synthesized compounds were synthesized and tested for antimicrobial activities. The determined in open capillary tubes and are therefore synthesis of s-triazine 1 and their pharmacological uncorrected. The structures of compounds were are well documented. Some 2-arylamino-4established on the basis of elemental analysis and spectral chloro-6-(pyrimidine-4-carboxyhydrazino)-1,3,5-triazines data. The IR spectra were recorded in the range of 4000 have been synthesized 6 and observed to possess 450 cm-1 using KBr pellets on a FTIR RXI Perkin-Elmer remarkable antitubercular activity. Several derivatives of sspectrophotometer. 1 H NMR spectra were recorded on a triazine show antimicrobial 7 , antibacterial 8 and herbicidal 9 Bruker DRX 300 MHz spectrophotometer using CDCl activities. These are also used for treatment of HIV DMSO-d 6 as solvent. The FAB mass spectra were infection 10. Phthalimidoxy derivatives represent one of the recorded on a Jeol SX-102/DA-6000 spectrometer data

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VIII) lead us to some interesting results variable with a pH. The structure of all synthesized compounds has been established by IR, 1 H NMR, and mass studies. These compounds have been screened for antimicrobial activities in order to evaluate the possibility of the derivatives to be used as potential chemotherapeutic agents.

The toxicity of distillery wastes to the fish Rasbora daniconius was tested by bioassay. Ten concentrations ranging from 1.0 to 100% were employed. It was found that the fish were quite tolerant at the 1% concentration for about 24 hours of exposure and survived even up to 96 hours. Mortality was noticed in concentrations from 1.5% onwards. In the concentrations of 3.0% and above there was a heavy mortality beginning at 15 hours of exposure. From the chemistry of the medium studied it was found that the toxicity was inversely proportional to pH but directly proportional to conductivity and bicarbonate alkalinity of the medium.