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Diabetes is a chronic disease that affects over 25 million adults, many of whom are smokers. The negative health impact of diabetes and comorbid smoking is significant and requires comprehensive interdisciplinary management. The National Diabetes Education Program has identified specific providers, known as PPOD, who include pharmacists, podiatrists, optometrists, and dentists, as key individuals to improve diabetes-related clinical outcomes. These providers are encouraged to work together through interdisciplinary collaboration and to implement evidence-based strategies as outlined in the PPOD toolkit. The toolkit encourages healthcare providers to ask, advise, and assist patients in their efforts to engage in risk reduction and healthy behaviors, including smoking cessation as an important risk factor. While individual PPOD providers have demonstrated effective smoking cessation interventions in adults with other acute and chronic systemic diseases, they lack specific application and focus on adults with diabetes. This literature review examines the current role of PPOD providers in smoking cessation interventions delivered to adults with diabetes.

Précis: This paper presents the methods and protocol of a communitybased telemedicine program to identify glaucoma and other eye diseases.Purpose: To describe the study rationale and design of the Alabama Screening and Intervention for Glaucoma and eye Health through Telemedicine project.Methods: The study will implement and evaluate a telemedicine-based detection strategy for glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and other eye diseases in at-risk patients seen at federally qualified health centers located in rural Alabama. The study will compare the effectiveness of the remote use of structural and functional ocular imaging devices to an in-person examination. Study participants will receive a remote ocular assessment consisting of visual acuity, intraocular pressure, visual field testing, and imaging of the retina and optic nerve with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, and the data will be reviewed by an ophthalmologist and optometrist. It will also compare the effectiveness of financial incentives along with a validated patient education program versus a validated patient education program alone in improving followup adherence. Finally, cost and cost-effectiveness analyses will be performed on the telemedicine program compared with standard in-person care using effectiveness measured in numbers of detected eye disease cases. Conclusions:The study aims to develop a model eye health system using telemedicine to prevent vision loss and address eye health among underserved and at-risk populations.