Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) diagnosis combines various clinical phenotypes. The definition of PCOS is still controversial because insulin resistance (IR) and dysmetabolism do not constitute PCOS diagnostic criteria. We analyzed whether a circulating biomarker zinc-α2-glycoprotein (ZAG) related to IR and metabolic dysfunction can predict PCOS phenotypes. We then recruited 100 PCOS patients and 99 healthy women as the control group to assess the relationship between ZAG and metabolic characteristics. The euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp helped assess insulin sensitivity, and the enzyme immunometric assay was deployed for ZAG levels. Our PCOS cohort presented sixty-nine patients with hyperandrogenism, eighty-six patients with chronic oligoanovulation, and eighty-one patients with polycystic ovaries by ultrasonographic evaluation. Additionally, the circulating ZAG levels were considerably reduced in all PCOS patients compared with healthy women (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). Additionally, sixty-nine PCOS patients had IR, and circulating ZAG levels were also different among the phenotypes. Furthermore, the normoandrogenic type specifically exhibited the highest circulating ZAG levels among all PCOS phenotypes (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). Additionally, normoandrogenic phenotype patients had reduced HOMA-IR scores and greater M-values than those in the classic phenotypes (p < 0.05). The circulating ZAG levels, however, were not associated with oligoanovulation but were correlated with hyperandrogenism and PCO morphology. In summary, circulating ZAG levels serve as suitable PCOS phenotype biomarkers, aiding physicians to identify women who merit screening.

IntroductionRecently, predominance of obesity has raised due to modern lifestyles and junk foods in the developing and developed countries 1) . Although, various diseases such as cancer, hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, dyslipidemia and Obesity have been considered global diseases. The cause of an excessive intake of energy is increased non-esterified fatty acids and the presence in blood of diacylglycerine/palmitoyl-CoA in the liver and skeletal muscle and increased oxidative stress 1−3) . Since insulin resistance is a major event in the onset and progression of diseases that are interlinked with changing lifestyles, it is a major way of preventing these conditions 1) .Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, inflammation of pancreatic β-cells, and abnormal lipid profile arising from metabolic deregulation, impaired insular secretion, and excessive intake of glucose 4,5

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between circulating zinc α 2-glycoprotein (ZAG), Irisin, betatrophin and adiponectin concentrations and metabolic syndrome (MetS) components and to analyze the effects of blood glucose and insulin on these cytokine concentrations in vivo. Methods: A total of 196 young women, including 78 healthy women and 118 women with MetS components, were recruited for this cross-sectional study. An oral glucose tolerance test and euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp (EHC) were performed in healthy subjects and women with MetS components. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit was used to measure serum ZAG, irisin, betatrophin, and adiponectin levels, and their relationship with the MetS components was analyzed. Results: In women with MetS components, circulating irisin and betatrophin levels were significantly higher than those in the healthy women, but circulating ZAG and adiponectin levels were significantly lower . FBG, WC, and Triglyceride were significantly correlated with the circulating levels of these four cytokines (p < 0.001 or < 0.05). All four cytokines were associated with MetS and its components. In response to increasing insulin levels, circulating ZAG concentrations were markedly increased in both healthy subjects and women with MetS components during the EHC. However, serum irisin, betatrophin, and adiponectin levels in both healthy subjects and women with MetS components were significantly reduced compared with baseline. Conclusion: Serum ZAG, Irisin, betatrophin and adiponectin were associated with MetS and might be biomarkers for screening MetS components.

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With the development and development of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs, the problem of difficult completion and workover has gradually become apparent, and pressured operations have gradually been valued by major oilfields and enterprises. In order to promote the development of pressure-related workover related equipment and technology in our country, and overcome the difficulties of late start and little experience, this article focuses on the development status of pressured operation. The main contents include: a brief introduction to the dangers of annulus pressure and the distribution statistics of annulus pressure wells at home and abroad; introduction to the development process of annulus operations; and introduction of a series of pressure equipment products that have matured or formed an annulus at home and abroad, and The research status of the key components of the pressure-proof operating equipment, such as the blowout preventer and the floating slip, is summarized. Finally, China’s domestically developed independent research and development of pressure-operating equipment is analyzed and considered. Based on the operating concept, enhance the trust and confidence of enterprises and oilfields in pressured operations; technical development should be oriented towards integration, characterization, and digitization, and systemized and serialized pressured operating equipment and process technology. The combination of pressure operation technology and equipment with repair and drill forms a drill-finish-repair integrated pressure operation system.