Association of metabolic syndrome components with circulating levels of cytokine clusters in young women

Abstract

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between circulating zinc α 2-glycoprotein (ZAG), Irisin, betatrophin and adiponectin concentrations and metabolic syndrome (MetS) components and to analyze the effects of blood glucose and insulin on these cytokine concentrations in vivo. Methods: A total of 196 young women, including 78 healthy women and 118 women with MetS components, were recruited for this cross-sectional study. An oral glucose tolerance test and euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp (EHC) were performed in healthy subjects and women with MetS components. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit was used to measure serum ZAG, irisin, betatrophin, and adiponectin levels, and their relationship with the MetS components was analyzed. Results: In women with MetS components, circulating irisin and betatrophin levels were significantly higher than those in the healthy women, but circulating ZAG and adiponectin levels were significantly lower . FBG, WC, and Triglyceride were significantly correlated with the circulating levels of these four cytokines (p < 0.001 or < 0.05). All four cytokines were associated with MetS and its components. In response to increasing insulin levels, circulating ZAG concentrations were markedly increased in both healthy subjects and women with MetS components during the EHC. However, serum irisin, betatrophin, and adiponectin levels in both healthy subjects and women with MetS components were significantly reduced compared with baseline. Conclusion: Serum ZAG, Irisin, betatrophin and adiponectin were associated with MetS and might be biomarkers for screening MetS components.

Associations of zinc-α-2-glycoprotein with metabolic syndrome and its components among adult Arabs

“…Similar findings were shown by previous study 8 . Animal studies have shown that ZAG act as a regulator of lipid metabolism, and our results multiplied these finding and we showed significantly positive correlation between ZAG and triglyceride, and inverse correlation with HDL-cholesterol 18 , 19 . These clinical finding suggest that ZAG may play an important regulatory role in lipid metabolism in humans as well.…”

“…This controversy between the findings could be due to differences in the study design, including sample size, age, and more importantly subjects involved in the two studies were from different population. Age effect on ZAG levels was confirmed in a recent study by Tan et al 18 were they reported significantly lower circulating ZAG level in young women with MetS components. Whereas, in agreement with findings of our study, the results of Yeung et al 8 study on Chinese subjects have shown that ZAG levels were significantly elevated in MetS subjects and it was also elevated progressively with an increasing number of components of the MetS.…”

“…These clinical finding suggest that ZAG may play an important regulatory role in lipid metabolism in humans as well. As ZAG have been shown to possess beneficial effect on mice obesity reduction, decreasing body fat content, and stimulating lipolysis in differentiated adipocytes in vitro 18 . Based on research finding we speculate that, the observed elevation of serum level of ZAG in MetS patient could be a compensatory process for the human body to overcome the metabolic stress induced by obesity.…”

Associations of Zinc-α-2-glycoprotein with Metabolic Syndrome and its Components Among Adult Arabs

“…This controversy between the ndings could be due to differences in the study design, including sample size, age, and more importantly subjects involved in the two studies were from different population. Age effect on ZAG levels was con rmed in a recent study by Tan et al 15 were they reported signi cantly lower circulating ZAG level in young women with MetS components. Whereas, in agreement with ndings of our study, the results of Yeung et al 7 study on Chinese subjects have shown that ZAG levels were signi cantly elevated in MetS subjects and it was also elevated progressively with an increasing number of components of the MetS.…”

AT1 receptor autoantibodies mediate effects of metabolic syndrome on dopaminergic vulnerability

“…Infusion of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 or TNF-α induced an increase in levels of AT1-AA in animal models, suggesting that some inflammation-related cytokines may be involved in this process (Irani et al, 2010;Lamarca et al, 2011). In MetS patients, an increase in several pro-inflammatory cytokines has been previously observed various studies (Bassols et al, 2010;Saunders et al, 2018;Tan et al, 2021). In the rat MetS model, we observed an increase in levels of serum IL-17, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and LIGHT (TNFSF14), which may be involved in the increase in levels of circulating AT1-AA in these rats.…”