To well understand the mechanism of acid stratification in vented lead-acid batteries, the distributions of sulfuric acid in the vertical direction were measured by a refractive index meter. Also, the measurement of the electrochemical potential distributions in the vertical direction was tried using four dynamic hydrogen electrodes (DHEs). The acid stratification and its relaxation were confirmed by the measurement of sulfuric acid distributions during the charge/discharge and the rest state. There was a difference of four times in the time constant of the acid stratification relaxation between the upper part (top) and the lower part (bottom). This suggests that the acid diffusion is not a dominant reaction of the acid stratification relaxation. The local charge and discharge simultaneously must be occurred on the positive and negative electrode individually due to the electrochemical potential difference. In other words, the electrochemical potential difference probably is the dominant driving force of the acid stratification relaxation. The electrochemical potential distributions in the vertical direction were actually measured using the four DHEs.
Severely disabled children have little experience with self-movement because of their motor disability. Self-movement experience is very important for them in process of social development and is useful to increase of motivation and interest about around environment. Our developed device, named "B-GO", tows walker or wheelchair for severely disabled children to move on a voluntary basis. This paper shows outline of this device and development organization and background, and discuss the performance of this device and future problem and so on. "B-GO" was developed by working group consisting of various specialist that is mechanical and electrical engineer, physical therapist, academic researcher, industrial designer and public official. In development, the suggestions from Beppu Developmental Medicine and Habilitation Center were most key point. First prototype was used by children in there and beneficial effect was confirmed. "B-GO" was a commercial reality through addition of the attractive shape and minor improvements. This device is coupled to a walker or a wheelchair, and operated using joystick. Device size is 350mm * 300mm, and its mass is about 9kg.
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