The presence of antithyroid hormone autoantibodies in the sera of patients with thyroid and nonthyroid disorders is a well-known condition. When circulating thyroid hormones bind to the patients' immunoglobulins, serum levels of total and free thyroid hormones are often in discordance with clinical features. This problem occurs because the autoantibodies can interfere with radioimmunoassays. To avoid inappropriate treatment of such patients, it is clinically important to consider the presence of autoantibodies in patients with unexpectedly high or low total and free thyroid hormone values. We have reviewed the English and Japanese literature, both case reports and basic works, and summarize the incidence of antithyroid hormone autoantibodies, clinical features, effects on appropriate testing of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, diagnostic methods for confirming their presence of autoantibodies, treatment of patients with these disorders, and possible pathogenetic mechanisms.

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Serum concentrations of thyroglobulin in healthy subjects were measured by a solid-phase immunoradiometric assay. The mean concentration of serum thyroglobulin in 53 healthy males was 5.0 ng/ml (1.0-25.9 ng/ml) and that of 57 healthy females was 5.2 ng/ml (1.0-27.7 ng/ml). Neither sex-related nor age-related change in the serum thyroglobulin level was observed.