Designing
and constructing a stable water-retention layer acting
as the isolation between the oil and membrane surface holds great
significance for solving the membrane fouling problems in oil/water
separation, including common layered oil/water mixtures, immiscible
oil-in-water emulsions, and even high-viscosity crude oil-in-water
emulsions. Inspired by the self-cleaning property of sea urchin thorns,
a bioinspired anti-oil-fouling hierarchically structured membranes
decorated with urchin-like α-FeOOH particles was successfully
prepared via the layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly method, maintaining
numerous effective micro-nanopores. The hierarchical structured membrane
exhibited superior superhydrophilicity/underwater superoleophobicity,
high water-retention ability, and preferable anti-oil-fouling properties.
Furthermore, the biomimetic membrane with controllable pore sizes
could not only separate common layered oil/water mixtures but also
effectively separate immiscible surfactant-stabilized oil-in-water
emulsions of both low-viscosity crude oil and high-viscosity crude
oil with an ultrahigh water flux up to 2598.4 L m–2 h–1 and an outstanding separation efficiency of
98.5%, revealing its promising prospect in oily wastewater treatment.
Intuitive, efficient, and unconstrained interactions require human–machine interfaces (HMIs) to accurately recognize users' manipulation intents. Susceptibility to interference and conditional usage mode of HMIs will lead to poor experiences that limit their great interaction potential. Herein, a programmable and ultrasensitive haptic interface enabling closed‐loop human–machine interactions is reported. A cross‐scale architecture design strategy is proposed to fabricate the haptic interface, which optimizes the hierarchical contact process. The synergistic optimization of the cross‐scale architecture between carbon nanotubes and the multiscale sensing structure realizes a haptic interface with ultrahigh sensitivity and a wide detection range of 15.1 kPa−1 and 180 kPa, which are improved by more than 900% over the performance of the common interface. The rapid response time of <5 ms and the limit of detection of 8 Pa of the haptic interface far surpass the somatosensory perception of human skin, which enables the haptic interface to accurately recognize interactive intents. A wireless pressure‐data interactive glove (wireless PDI glove) is designed and realizes a round‐the‐clock operation, noise immunity, and efficient interactive control, which perfectly compensate for the flaws of typical vision and voice recognition modes.
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