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An advanced cophase traction power supply system is proposed to solve the power quality problems of the traditional traction power supply system, such as unbalance, reactive power, and harmonics to three-phase industrial grid. The three-phase to single-phase converter-based substation is adopted in this system, which can transfer active power from three-phase grid to singlephase catenary and compensate reactive power and harmonics of the locomotives. One catenary section could be utilized in the advanced cophase system instead of the multiple split sections in traditional system. The neutral sections and problems caused by them in traditional system could be avoided. In this paper, the characteristics of the advanced cophase system and the automatic current-sharing control algorithm of three-phase to single-phase converter are studied and analyzed. The simulation and experimental results verify the viability and effectiveness of the proposed system.Index Terms-Automatic current-sharing control, multilevel converter, power quality, three-phase to single-phase converter, traction power supply.