The findings indicate that functional disability may contribute to subsequent depressive symptoms by reducing activities and social support. Decreased activities and social support increased perceptions of stress, which then increased depressive symptoms during the 8-year follow-up study.

The use of the MBI-HHS as an instrument for measuring burnout among ID workers has its attraction but also its limitations. In particular, the DP sub-scale should be used with caution because there appear to be wording issues for staff in ID settings that may lead to inconsistent responses.

Engagement in a varied range of activities benefits mental health among elders more than participation in any single type of activity among elders. Reducing physical activities can lower positive affect, while the adverse effect may be balanced by increasing social activities. Also, the impact of decreasing intellectual activities on the interpersonal difficulties domain of depressive symptoms may be offset by increasing social activities.

Long Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-A) is prospering as one of the promising mobile communication systems. In the near future, it is expected that in addition to traditional humanto-human (H2H) communications, an LTE-A system needs to support many applications with the technique of machine type communications (MTC), or machine-to-machine communications (M2M). Since M2M features a large number of devices, a mechanism to guarantee the performance of H2H and M2M in the random access procedure of LTE-A (RACH procedure) should be considered. However, little research provides dynamic RACH resource allocation approaches for H2H and M2M. In this paper, we propose a game-theoretic framework, which divides its random access resources into three groups: for H2H, for M2M, and for the hybrid usage. Under this framework, the Nash Equilibrium (NE) guarantees the system throughput by adaptively redistributing the traffic loading, and the NE can be approached rapidly even if the information of traffic loading is quite limited.Index Terms-RACH procedure, random access, game theory, mixed strategy Nash Equilibrium.

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More interventions should be implemented to enhance support within informal networks and a sense of belonging to the new resident community, thereby promoting more active coping strategies, enhancing the effectiveness of coping efforts and maximizing positive adjustment outcomes. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 1006-1014.

The results emphasize the importance of encouraging a partnership between natural helpers and health care professionals. A good integration between formal and informal networks could more effectively meet the needs of the frail older adults and their families. This study also calls for more attention to the cultural competence of health care policy and service delivery.

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