Background To combat the COVID-19 pandemic, nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPI) were implemented worldwide, which impacted a broad spectrum of acute respiratory infections (ARI). Methods Etiologically diagnostic data from 142 559 cases with ARIs, who were tested for eight viral pathogens (influenza virus, IFV; respiratory syncytial virus, RSV; human parainfluenza virus, HPIV; human adenovirus; human metapneumovirus; human coronavirus, HCoV; human bocavirus, HBoV, and human rhinovirus, HRV) between 2012 and 2021, were analyzed to assess the changes of respiratory infections in China during the first COVID-19 pandemic year compared to pre-pandemic years. Results Test positive rates of all respiratory viruses decreased during 2020, compared to the average levels during 2012−2019, with changes ranging from -17·2% for RSV to -87·6% for IFV. Sharp decreases mostly occurred between February and August when massive NPIs remained active, although HRV rebounded to the historical level during the summer. While IFV and HMPV were consistently suppressed year round, RSV, HPIV, HCoV, HRV HBov resurged and went beyond historical levels during September, 2020−January, 2021, after NPIs were largely relaxed and schools reopened. Resurgence was more prominent among children younger than 18 years and in Northern China. These observations remain valid after accounting for seasonality and long-term trend of each virus. Conclusions Activities of respiratory viral infections were reduced substantially in the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic, and massive NPIs were likely the main driver. Lifting of NPIs can lead to resurgence of viral infections, particularly in children.
This paper through the effect of seed germination under different voltage that it can concluded that the influence of electric field on seed growth.Experiment to select different gradient field acts on the barley seed, the results show that the appropriate voltage of the electric field and action time has obvious promoting effect to seed germination. By discussing the electric field effect on the cell membrane permeability, using a planar lipid double model, discussed that high voltage electric field makes the cell membrane barrier height change.Ion through the barrier of risk as a result of the existence of tunneling effect will be affected by the barrier height, namely transmembrane potential.Thus an effect on the permeability of cell membrane.
Background Leptospirosis is a global zoonotic infectious disease caused by Leptospira interrogans. The pathogen rapidly invades into hosts and diffuses from bloodstream into internal organs and excretes from urine to cause transmission of leptospirosis. However, the mechanism of leptospiral invasiveness remains poorly understood. Methods Proteolytic activity of M16-type metallopeptidases (Lep-MP1/2/3) of L. interrogans was determined by spectrophotometry. Expression and secretion of Lep-MP1/2/3 during infection of cells were detected by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, Western blot assay, and confocal microscopy. Deletion and complementation mutants of the genes encoding Lep-MP1/2/3 were generated to determine the roles of Lep-MP1/2/3 in invasiveness using transwell assay and virulence in hamsters. Results Leptospira interrogans but not saprophytic Leptospira biflexa strains were detectable for Lep-MP-1/2/3-encoding genes. rLep-MP1/2/3 hydrolyzed extracellular matrix proteins, but rLep-MP1/3 displayed stronger proteolysis than rLep-MP2, with 123.179/340.136 μmol/L Km and 0.154/0.159 s-1 Kcat values. Expression, secretion and translocation of Lep-MP1/2/3 during infection of cells were increased. ΔMP1/3 but not ΔMP2 mutant presented attenuated transmigration through cell monolayers, decreased leptospiral loading in the blood, lungs, liver, kidneys, and urine, and 10/13-fold decreased 50% lethal dose and milder histopathologic injury in hamsters. Conclusions Lep-MP1 and 3 are involved in virulence of L. interrogans in invasion into hosts and diffusion in vivo, and transmission of leptospirosis.
In order to make emends for the disadvantages of a taxi software, and considering the disadvantages of existing car-sharing system for a taxi, a voice carpool system, which was embedded the voice recognition technology and the wireless transmission technology, was proposed and designed. The recognition module can recognize the voice of drivers and passengers. The data and information in the system are transfered using wireless transmission technology. The ultra-thin LED screen is the core part of the system. In the system, the address saied by drivers or passengers is transformed the voice signal. Then the part of voice recognition for the system change the voice signal to related digital signal and transmit the digital signal to the part of display for the system. Eventualy the address information of passengers is displayed on the electronic screen. So passengers on the street can catch sight of the direction ,which the taxi will go. The system operated steadily, and achieved inputing of the voice carpool information, wireless data transmission and bi-directional display function on the LED creen. It will satisfy and help people to obtain the carpool informations clearly, intuitively and quickly. Meanwhile, it can also help to improve the utilization rate of taxies. So the voice carpool system will be applied certainly and popularly.
The 3D coordinates of measured point is embodied in 2D image coordinate of the optical characteristic point via the visual measurement system. Based on the gray square weighted centroid localization algorithm, the paper presents bicubic interpolation gray square weighted centroid localization algorithm, increases the number of effective pixels around the optical characteristic point imaging center, and reduces noise error via the gray square weighted, improves the imaging center location accuracy of optical characteristic point, realizes the accurate location of the optical characteristic points. Results indicate application of the proposed algorithm to location, the standard tolerance along the direction of x is 0.0022 Pixel, the standard tolerance along the direction of y is 0.0023 Pixel, compared with the others, the standard tolerance is minimum and discrete to a lesser degree distancing ideal image point, that is, the proposed algorithm has higher location accuracy. The maximum tolerance along the direction of x is 0.008 Pixel, the one along the direction of y is 0.007 Pixel, compared with the other two algorithms, the maximum tolerance is minimum .Results indicate that the stability of the proposed algorithm is better.
In electrospinning at high voltage, material temperature, the distance between needle and collecting plate and the situation on pushing on material within needle are factors affecting the spinning quality. The paper used the microcontroller as the core, adopted the stepping motor to regulate collecting plate position driving machinery, got feedback by the displacement sensor. During the spinning process, using the infrared temperature probe to measure the needle, meanwhile controlling miniature stepper motor to advance material within needle in constant speed driving piston. The experimental results show that the system has high control accuracy, temperature accuracy can achieve 0.1°C, spinning interval is 1cm and control accuracy is 0.05mm. It provides technical support for a comprehensive, in-depth a electrospinning research.
For the problem on the deviation of actual measurement values between different network positions of visual measurement network system , so present the weighted data fusion algorithm . To distribute the weight coefficients according to the stability of eigenvector and fuse the coordinates , finally get the ultimate expression of fusion estimate. The experiment results present the maximum absolute tolerance of the fusion results is 0.039mm via the weighted data fusion algorithm, the maximum one via traditional data fusion algorithm of the center of point set is 0.056mm , Repeatedly measure 50 times , compared with the traditional algorithm, proposed weighted data fusion algorithm has much better precision and better stability.
This paper designs a greenhouse environment system based on JN5148. The system uses JN5148 as the main module, setting up the wireless network with JenNet protocol stack. This system realizes true-time monitoring of environment factors which include air temperature and humidity, light intensity and CO2 concentration etc, rolling machines and pumps remote control. Test results show that system network operates stably, data acquisition precision is high, notes consume low and feedback control is accurate, and meets the application requirements of the greenhouse environment parameters monitoring.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.