Introduction:To test the utility of the "A/T/N" system in the Chinese population, we study core Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers in a newly established Chinese cohort.Methods: A total of 411 participants were selected, including 96 cognitively normal individuals, 94 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients, 173 patients with AD, and 48 patients with non-AD dementia. Fluid biomarkers were measured with single molecule array. Amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition was determined by 18 F-Flobetapir positron emission tomography (PET), and brain atrophy was quantified using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Results: Aβ42/Aβ40 was decreased, whereas levels of phosphorylated tau (p-tau) were increased in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma from patients with AD. CSF Aβ42/Aβ40, CSF p-tau, and plasma p-tau showed a high concordance in discriminating between AD and non-AD dementia or elderly controls. A combination of plasma p-tau, apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype, and MRI measures accurately predicted amyloid PET status.Discussion: These results revealed a universal applicability of the "A/T/N" framework in a Chinese population and established an optimal diagnostic model consisting of costeffective and non-invasive approaches for diagnosing AD.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a phenotypically heterogeneous, chronic, destructive inflammatory disease of the synovial joints. A number of imaging tools are currently available for evaluation of inflammatory conditions. By targeting the upgraded glucose uptake of infiltrating granulocytes and tissue macrophages, positron emission tomography/computed tomography with fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose ( 18
Purpose. Intratumor metabolic heterogeneity parameters on 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) have been proven to be predictors of the clinical prognosis of cancer patients. The study aimed to examine the correlation between 18F-FDG PET-CT-defined heterogeneity parameters and the prognostic significance in patients with colorectal cancer. Methods. The study included 188 patients with colorectal cancer who received surgery and 18F-FDG PET/CT examinations. Preoperative 18F-FDG PET/CT conventional and metabolic heterogeneity parameters were collected, including maximum, peak, and mean standardized uptake value (SUVmax, SUVpeak, and SUVmean), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), total lesion glycolysis (TLG), heterogeneity index-1 (HI-1) and heterogeneity index-2 (HI-2), and clinicopathological information. Correlations between these parameters and patient survival outcomes were inferred. Results. The associations between 18F-FDG PET/CT parameters and clinical outcomes were analyzed. Tumor thrombus ( P < 0.001 ), tumor stage ( P = 0.001 ), MTV ( P = 0.003 ), HI-1 ( P = 0.032 ), and HI-2 ( P = 0.001 ) differed between the two groups with and without recurrence. Multivariate analysis showed that, in the radical surgery group, HI-2 (HR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.04–1.17, P = 0.001 ), tumor stage (HR = 20.65, 95% CI: 4.81–88.62, P < 0.001 ), and regional lymph nodes status (HR = 0.16, 95% CI: 0.04–0.57, P = 0.005 ) were independent variables significantly correlated with progression-free survival (PFS) and HI-2 (HR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.07–1.26, P < 0.001 ) was an independent variable affecting overall survival (OS). In the palliative surgery group, HI-2 (HR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01–1.06, P = 0.020 ) was an independent variable affecting PFS, and all the parameters were not statistically significant for OS. Conclusion. HI-2, tumor stage, and regional lymph nodes status might predict the outcomes of colorectal cancer more effectively than other 18F-FDG PET/CT defined parameters.
Abstract. Glucagonoma syndrome appears as an extremely rare neuroendocrine tumour, with few studies ever having detailed its imaging manifestations. In particular, the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of the lesion have not yet been reported. The present study describes a 54-year-old male who presented with uncontrollable skin erythema and weight loss that had been apparent for two years, and diabetes mellitus that had been apparent for five years. The glucagon level was 180 pg/ml. The plain abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a solid tumour in the neck of the pancreas, which was slightly reinforced during the arterial phase of the enhanced CT scan. Upon MRI, the lesion exhibited a low signal on T1-weighted imaging, and a slightly high signal on T2-weighted and half-Fourier acquisition single-shot turbo spin echo sequence imaging, which measured ~4.5x3.0x3.0 cm in size. Upon diffusion-weighted imaging, the lesion demonstrated heterogeneous hyperintensity, which was mildly enhanced during the arterial phase and washed out during the portal venous phase of gadopentetate dimeglumine-enhanced MRI.18 F-fludeoxyglucose ( 18 F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)-CT identified a mild uptake of 18 F-FDG by the lesion. The patient was diagnosed with glucagonoma syndrome, and a distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy were subsequently performed. Microscopy revealed that the tumour cells exhibited nest-and belt-like arrangements. The immunohistochemical staining identified positive reactions for glucagon, synaptophysin and chromogranin A, which are consistent with a diagnosis of glucagonoma. Following surgery, the symptoms disappeared and the glucagon level returned to normal. In conclusion, imaging examinations are useful for determining the location and size of a glucagonoma.In particular, MRI is able to identify the distinctive morphological features of the lesion. Immunohistochemical staining provides diagnostic evidence based upon the neuroendocrine features. IntroductionGlucagonoma is an extremely rare neuroendocrine tumour that accounts for 1% of neuroendocrine tumours and <5% of all primary pancreatic malignancies (1,2). Although glucagonoma may appear as a benign neoplasia, at least 50% of glucagonomas cause metastatic disease when diagnosed (2). If the disorder is complicated with systemic clinical manifestations, including necrolytic migratory erythema, hyperglucagonaemia, diabetes mellitus, anaemia, weight loss, glossitis, cheilitis, steatorrhoea, diarrhoea, venous thrombosis and neuropsychiatric disturbances, it is referred to as glucagonoma syndrome (3). At present, the standard treatment for glucagonoma syndrome is surgical resection (2). The early and accurate diagnosis of this syndrome may lead to positive treatment outcomes and an improved prognosis. However, few studies have detailed the imaging features of glucagonoma (4). In particular, the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of the lesion have not yet been reported. A male with glucagonoma syndrome was admitted to the Firs...
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