Naja are a toxic genus of Elapids family in the old world. Long neurotoxins are mixtures of peptides, enzymes that interfere with the normal function of the nervous system and potently block α7 homo-oligomeric neuronal AChRs causing paralysis. The aim of the present study is to identify the origin of long neurotoxin, multiple sequences analysis for prediction of structure and function of neurotoxin and observing the conserved pattern of amino acid residues and to construct the phylogenetic tree for organizing evolutionary history of Naja genus from Elapidae family.
Naja Naja is one of the poisonous snakes in the genus Naja of Elapids family; commonly called Indian cobras and are mostly found in Asia and Africa. They are highly venomous species having a cocktail of chemicals that have different effects may be speed the heart rate, blood pressure and interfere with the normal function of the nervous system and potently block α7 homo-oligomeric neuronal AChRs causing paralysis. The aim of the present study is to identify the origin of neurotoxin, prediction of structure and function of neurotoxin by multiple sequences analysis and observing the conserved pattern of amino acid residues and to construct the phylogenetic tree for organizing evolutionary history of N. Naja of genus Naja from Elapidae family.
Long neurotoxin 1 is a dangerous protein occurs in N. melanoleuca. It is highly dangerous snake due to the quantity of venom inject in a single bite. Peptide fragments of N. Melanoleuca Long neurotoxin 1 antigen protein having 71 amino acids, which shows 63 nanomers can be used to select nanomers for use in synthetic peptide vaccine design and to increase the understanding of roles of the immune system against snake bite. We use to apply computational intelligence algorithm PSSM (Position Specific Scoring Matrices) for the Prediction of MHC class-I binding peptides, we also predict antigenicity, Solvent accessibility, polar and nonpolar residue to analyses the membrane-spanning regions (hydrophobic) or regions that are likely exposed on the surface of proteins (hydrophilic domains) that are potentially antigenic that allows potential drug targets to identify active sites, for protection of host form Snake bites and to design synthetic peptide vaccine.
Tylocephalum salunkhi n. sp. cestode parasite of Trygon sephen is described on the basis of type material from Ratnagiri (West Coast of Maharashtra, India). The present worms resemble with Tylocephalum marsupium in having all essential morphological characters. Species having scolex oval, rostellum elongated/rounded, presence of four suckers, mature proglottids are broader than long, testes rounded and excretory canal long tube. But the same differ due to number of testes. Hence, it is new species described.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.