Surface functionalization of two-dimensional (2D) transition
metal
carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides, also known as MXenes, is a
powerful approach for modification of their physical and chemical
properties for new applications. In this study, we demonstrate the
synthesis of a bifunctional Ti3C2T
x
MXene modified with amine and thiol groups through
a facile condensation reaction. We successfully employed the resulting
NH2/SH-Ti3C2T
x
MXene as a solid phase in the ultrasonic-assisted dispersive
micro solid-phase extraction (d-μ-SPE) method for the analytical
determination of heavy metals at trace levels in food and soil samples.
The prepared NH2/SH-Ti3C2T
x
MXene showed remarkable performance in the ultrasonic-assisted
d-μ-SPE method with limits of detection of 0.12 and 2.30 ng
mL–1, with linear dynamic ranges of 0.50–90
μg L–1 and 10–120 μg L–1 for cadmium (Cd2+) and lead (Pb2+) ions, respectively.
Furthermore, the extraction efficiencies were greater than 97%, with
a relative standard deviation of less than 3% for five separate batch
experiments in the determination of 5.0 μg L–1 of Cd2+ and Pb2+. This study shows that NH2/SH-Ti3C2T
x
can be used as a simple, rapid, reliable, selective, and sensitive
material in the d-μ-SPE method for the trace determination of
Cd2+ and Pb2+ in soil and agricultural products.
This study demonstrates the utility of MXenes for analytical chemistry
and suggests that further advances in methods for the functionalization
of MXenes can open new applications for these already exciting materials.
MXenes, two-dimensional transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides, are known for their exceptional electronic and mechanical properties. Yet, the experimental efforts toward the realization of MXene-based nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) combining...
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