Conductive
metal–organic frameworks (c-MOFs) show great
potential in electrochemical energy storage thanks to their high electrical
conductivity and highly accessible surface areas. However, there are
significant challenges in processing c-MOFs for practical applications.
Here, we report on the fabrication of c-MOF nanolayers on cellulose
nanofibers (CNFs) with formation of nanofibrillar CNF@c-MOF by interfacial
synthesis, in which CNFs serve as substrates for growth of c-MOF nanolayers.
The obtained hybrid nanofibers of CNF@c-MOF can be easily assembled
into freestanding nanopapers, demonstrating high electrical conductivity
of up to 100 S cm–1, hierarchical micromesoporosity,
and excellent mechanical properties. Given these advantages, the nanopapers
are tested as electrodes in a flexible and foldable supercapacitor.
The high conductivity and hierarchical porous structure of the electrodes
endow fast charge transfer and efficient electrolyte transport, respectively.
Furthermore, the assembled supercapacitor shows extremely high cycle
stability with capacitance retentions of >99% after 10000 continuous
charge–discharge cycles. This work provides a pathway to develop
flexible energy storage devices based on sustainable cellulose and
MOFs.
Remarkable combination of excellent gas barrier performance, high strength, and toughness was realized in polylactide (PLA) composite films by constructing the supernetworks of oriented and pyknotic crystals with the assistance of ductile in situ nanofibrils of poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT). On the basis that the permeation of gas molecules through polymer materials with anisotropic structure would be more frustrated, we believe that oriented crystalline textures cooperating with inerratic amorphism can be favorable for the enhancement of gas barrier property. By taking full advantage of intensively elongational flow field, the dispersed phase of PBAT in situ forms into nanofibrils, and simultaneously sufficient row-nuclei for PLA are induced. After appropriate thermal treatment with the acceleration effect of PBAT on PLA crystallization, oriented lamellae of PLA tend to be more perfect in a preferential direction and constitute into a kind of network interconnecting with each other. At the same time, the molecular chains between lamellae tend to be more extended. This unique structure manifests superior ability in ameliorating the performance of PLA film. The oxygen permeability coefficient can be achieved as low as 2 × 10(-15) cm(3) cm cm(-2) s(-1) Pa(-1), combining with the high strength, modulus, and ductility (104.5 MPa, 3484 MPa, and 110.6%, respectively). The methodology proposed in this work presents an industrially scalable processing method to fabricate super-robust PLA barrier films. It would indeed push the usability of biopolymers forward, and certainly prompt wider application of biodegradable polymers in the fields of environmental protection such as food packaging, medical packaging, and biodegradable mulch.
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