Combined Catalysis for Engineering Bioinspired, Lignin-Based, Long-Lasting, Adhesive, Self-Mending, Antimicrobial Hydrogels

Ultrastretchable, Adhesive, and Antibacterial Hydrogel with Robust Spinnability for Manufacturing Strong Hydrogel Micro/Nanofibers

“…Lignin is the second most abundant natural polymers next to cellulose and abundant in phenolic hydroxyls and methoxy groups, [21] which favors its application as a crosslinking point for forming massive reversible hydrogen bonds with other functional groups in the hydrogel. Recently, Gan et al designed Ag-lignin nanoparticle (NP) related hydrogels based on the oxidative decarboxylation by the reaction between the Ag-lignin NPs and persulfate salt, [22] leading to the successful gelation without using external stimuli such as ultraviolet (UV) irradiation or heating. However, the limited deformability (stretchability: ≈2750%) is the major hurdle for such lignin-based hydrogel if applied to manufacture of hydrogel fibers.…”

Assembly of Hexagonal Column Interpenetrated Spheres from Plant Polyphenol/Cationic Surfactants and Their Application as Antimicrobial Molecular Banks

“…Si‐QAC is a representative of alkoxysilanes, and can bind to a variety of substrates as a non‐leachable agent [33] . The phenolic‐based functional materials have also been explored for adhesive applications [34, 35] . Our present results indicate that the introduction of GA containing gallol moieties to the quaternary ammonium surfactants can efficiently exert the long‐lasting adhesion, showing more durable antimicrobial activity than that of commercial antimicrobial agent Si‐QAC.…”

Environmentally sustainable, high-performance lignin-derived universal adhesive

“…These carbon atoms in the lignin-based adhesive, should plausibly be derived from AA for the synergistic reaction, whereas the chemical shift data for AA, matched with the previous reports elsewhere. 29 Moreover, to validate the functionalization of lignin by DMF and AA in the lignin-based adhesive, the 13 C-1 H correlation 2D-HSQC NMR spectra were recorded (Fig. 2B).…”

“…This protocol involves the synergistic role of lignin, AA, and dimethylformamide (DMF) to form versatile amphiphilic biobased adhesives that showed strong mechanical performances over a variety of adherents, including glass (G), stainless steel, (SS) aluminum (Al), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polycarbonates (PC), and wood. Moreover, the functionalization of side chains, aryl ring, hydroxyl (1° or 2°) groups or phenolic hydroxyl groups of lignin with AA and DMF, is affirmed by FT-IR, and NMR spectroscopy including one-dimensional (1D) 13 C/ 31 P spectroscopy and twodimensional (2D) correlation spectroscopy as 13 C-1 H Heteronuclear Single Quantum Coherence (HSQC) and 13 N-1 H Heteronuclear Multiple Bond Correlation (HMBC). Substantial high storage and loss moduli of adhesive samples relative to polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), as a reference, were measured using dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) over a range of conditions, including temperature, relative humidity, time, and frequency.…”

“…11 In addition to these lignin types, glyoxalated lignin, silver-lignin nanoparticles, and lignin-epoxy hybrid nanoparticles were also used for lignin-based adhesives to substitute phenol. [12][13][14] In addition to phenol, the replacement or substitution of formaldehyde with less toxic, less volatile and biobased compounds can add further positive advantages over the worker's health risks and environmental issues caused by chronic exposure to formaldehyde during the resin manufacturing process. 15,16 The alternative to formaldehyde, will substantially impact its large consumer markets as phenolic resins.…”