Halide substitution in phenethylammonium spacer cations (X‐PEA+, X = F, Cl, Br) is a facile strategy to improve the performance of PEA based perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of X‐PEA based quasi‐2D (Q‐2D) PSCs is still unsatisfactory and the underlying mechanisms are in debate. Here, the in‐depth study on the impact of halide substitution on the crystal orientation and multi‐phase distribution in PEA based perovskite films are reported. The halide substitution eliminates n = 1 2D perovskite and thus leads to the perpendicular crystal orientation. Furthermore, nucleation competition exists between small‐n and large‐n phases in PEA and X‐PEA based perovskites. This gives rise to the orderly distribution of different n‐phases in the PEA and F‐PEA based films, and random distribution in Cl‐PEA and Br‐PEA based films. As a result, (F‐PEA)2MA3Pb4I12 (MA = CH3NH3+, n = 4) based PSCs achieve a PCE of 18.10%, significantly higher than those of PEA (12.23%), Cl‐PEA (7.93%) and Br‐PEA (6.08%) based PSCs. Moreover, the F‐PEA based devices exhibit remarkably improved stability compared to their 3D counterparts.

Low‐bandgap mixed tin–lead perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been attracting increasing interest due to their appropriate bandgaps and promising application to build efficient all‐perovskite tandem cells, an effective way to break the Shockley–Queisser limit of single‐junction cells. Tin fluoride (SnF2) has been widely used as a basis along with various strategies to improve the optoelectronic properties of low‐bandgap SnPb perovskites and efficient cells. However, fully understanding the roles of SnF2 in both films and devices is still lacking and fundamentally desired. Here, the functions of SnF2 in both low‐bandgap (FASnI3)0.6(MAPbI3)0.4 perovskite films and efficient devices are unveiled. SnF2 regulates the growth mode of low‐bandgap SnPb perovskite films, leading to highly oriented topological growth and improved crystallinity. Meanwhile, SnF2 prevents the oxidation of Sn2+ to Sn4+ and reduces Sn vacancies, leading to reduced background hole density and defects, and improved carrier lifetime, thus largely decreasing nonradiative recombination. Additionally, the F− ion preferentially accumulates at hole transport layer/perovskite interface with high SnF2 content, leading to more defects. This work provides in‐depth insights into the roles of SnF2 additives in low‐bandgap SnPb films and devices, assisting in further investigations into multiple additives and approaches to obtain efficient low‐bandgap PSCs.

A universal close-space annealing strategy towards high-quality perovskite absorbers enabling efficient all-perovskite tandem solar cells. Nature Energy.

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The past decade has witnessed rapid development of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the record power conversion efficiency (PCE) of which has been rapidly boosted from the initial 3.8% to a...

The methylammonium lead halide perovskite solar cells have become very attractive because they can be prepared with low-cost solution-processable technology and their power conversion efficiency have been increasing from 3.9% to 20% in recent years. However, the high performance of perovskite photovoltaic devices are dependent on the complicated process to prepare compact perovskite films with large grain size. Herein, a new method is developed to achieve excellent CH3NH3PbI3-xClx film with fine morphology and crystallization based on one step deposition and two-step annealing process. This method include the spin coating deposition of the perovskite films with the precursor solution of PbI2, PbCl2, and CH3NH3I at the molar ratio 1:1:4 in dimethylformamide (DMF) and the post two-step annealing (TSA). The first annealing is achieved by solvent-induced process in DMF to promote migration and interdiffusion of the solvent-assisted precursor ions and molecules and realize large size grain growth. The second annealing is conducted by thermal-induced process to further improve morphology and crystallization of films. The compact perovskite films are successfully prepared with grain size up to 1.1 μm according to SEM observation. The PL decay lifetime, and the optic energy gap for the film with two-step annealing are 460 ns and 1.575 eV, respectively, while they are 307 and 327 ns and 1.577 and 1.582 eV for the films annealed in one-step thermal and one-step solvent process. On the basis of the TSA process, the photovoltaic devices exhibit the best efficiency of 14% under AM 1.5G irradiation (100 mW·cm(-2)).

The poor stability of lead (Pb)-free tin (Sn)-based perovskites under only oxygen (O2) condition has attracted extensive research, while their stability under simultaneous light and O2 (light/O2) conditions is unexplored....

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