Postfermented Pu-erh tea (PE) protects against metabolic syndrome (MS), but little is known regarding its underlying mechanisms. Animal experiments were performed to determine whether the gut microbiota mediated the improvement in diet-induced MS by PE and its main active components (PEAC). We confirmed that PE altered the body composition and energy efficiency, attenuated metabolic endotoxemia and systemic and multiple-tissue inflammation, and improved the glucose and lipid metabolism disorder in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice via multiple pathways. Notably, PE promoted the lipid oxidation and browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) in HFD-fed mice. Polyphenols and caffeine (CAF) played critical roles in improving these parameters. Meanwhile, PE remodeled the disrupted intestinal homeostasis that was induced by the HFD. Many metabolic changes observed in the mice were significantly correlated with alterations in specific gut bacteria. and were speculated to be the key gut bacterial links between the PEAC treatment and MS at the genus and species levels. Interestingly, administration altered body composition and energy efficiency, promoted the browning of WAT, and improved the lipid and glucose metabolism disorder in the HFD-fed mice, whereas administration reduced the HFD-induced liver and intestinal inflammatory responses. In summary, polyphenol- and CAF-rich PE improved diet-induced MS, and this effect was associated with a remodeling of the gut microbiota.
In this paper, the ZnO/Cu2S/ZnO complex films were fabricated by Radio Frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering, and their transparent, conductive and photocatalytic properties have been investigated. The results show the properties of ZnO/Cu2S/ZnO complex films vary when the top layer ZnO thickness changes.
ZnO film and Cu2S/ZnO bilays on the glass substrate were fabricated by RF magnetron sputtering. We carried out the experiments by adjusting the thickness of Cu2S on ZnO layer. The performance of Cu2S/ZnO on the transparency, conduction and photocatalysis were investigated. The photocatalytic experiments showed a good photocatalytic activity for photodegradation of methyl orange.
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