The recently proposed Competitive and Cooperative Learning algorithm(CCL) (Cheung 2004) has provided a promising way to perform the data clustering without knowing the number of clusters. Nevertheless, its performance is somewhat sensitive to the initialization of seed points. Also, its cooperative mechanism is applicable to the homogenous clusters only. In this paper, we will therefore suggest using the FSCL algorithm to initialize the seed points such that each cluster of data will at least have a seed point. Furthermore, we update the cooperation radius of seed points in CCL, whereby the improved CCL (ICCL for short) can be applicable to the heterogeneous clusters as well. Experiments show the efficacy of the proposed algorithm.
While the intensive global competition, faster product development, increasingly flexible manufacturing system, an unprecedented number and variety of products are the characteristics of today's global market, wireless technology is becoming a crucial strategy to promote the performance of supply efficiently. Wireless technology has been developing fast in decade and gaining recognition as a major source of cost reduction. This article attempts to explore the challenges of supply chain management combined with wireless technology. The implications of wireless technology for an effective supply chain management (SCM) are examined with reference to three critical areas of SCM: competitive advantage, relationship management, coordination and integration. This article will identify the implications of SCM combined with wireless technology and develops propositions that have important influence on the performance of an efficient SCM.
Internet is filled with opportunities for learning, communicating, and sharing information. It is a valuable resource for children and adults alike. However, the online world presents some underlying risks, especially for children. Parents need to be aware of some of the potential problems their children could encounter, and try to take adequate measures to protect their children from injury. In this paper, research tried to explore the relationship between parent's information literary, the confidence in child's ability of selfdefense on the internet, and adequate measures to promote child using the internet more effectively. Association rule, a kind of data mining strategy, was the main tool to manipulate the dataset.
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