Our data are compatible with hypothesis that IL-17A acting through IL-17RA, but not IL-17CR contribute to the pathogenesis of BPH and PCa. In contrast, IL-17E interacting with the IL-17BR might have an anti-tumor effect.

BackgroundBladder cancer, cystitis and bladder polyp are the most common urinary system diseases all over the world. Our former research results show that IL-17A and IL-17 F contribute to the pathogenesis of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (Pca) while IL-17E interacting with IL-17RB might have an anti-tumor effect.ResultsUsing imunohistochemistry, we systemically compared immunoreactivity of ligands (IL-17A, E and F) and receptors (IL-17RA, IL-17RB and IL-17RC) of IL-17 family, infiltration of inflammatory cells and changes of structural cells (fibroblast cells, smooth muscle and vascular endothelial cells) in sections of bladder tissues from subjects with bladder cancer, cystitis and bladder polyp. Compared with subjects with cystitis, immunoreactivity for IL-17A, IL-17 F and IL-17RC was significantly elevated in the group of bladder cancer (p < 0.01), while immunoreactivity of IL-17E, IL-17RA and IL-17RB, and the infiltrating neutrophils were decreased (p < 0.05). The numbers of infiltrating lymphocytes and phagocytes and CD31+ blood vessels and immunoreactivity of CD90+ fibroblasts were also elevated in patients with bladder cancer compared with those of cystitis. The patterns of IL-17 ligands and receptors, and inflammatory cells and structural cells varied in cystitis, bladder polyp and bladder cancer. In bladder cancer, immunoreactivity of IL-17E and IL-17 F was positively correlated with smooth muscles and lymphocytes, respectively. In addition, immunoreactivity of IL-17A and IL-17E was positively correlated with their receptors IL-17RA and IL-17RB respectively.ConclusionsThe data suggest that changed patterns of expression of the IL-17 cytokine family ligands and receptors might be associated with infiltration of inflammatory cells and structural cells (CD90+ fibroblasts and CD31+ blood vessels), which might also contribute to occurrence and development in bladder cancer.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12865-016-0174-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

The research aimed to investigate secretion, expression and location of IL-17 relative ligands, IL-17 relative receptors, infiltrating inflammatory cells and parenchymal structural cells in colorectal cancer (CRC) compared with ulcerative colitis (UC) and benign hyperplastic polyp. 29 human intestinal tissues with CRC, 17 with UC and 7 with polyp were stained using immunohistochemistry to evaluate immunoreactivity for IL-17 family relative ligands including IL-17A, E, F and their respective relative receptors such as IL-17RA, IL-17RB and IL-17RC. At the same time the infiltration of inflammatory cells including lymphocytes, phagocytes, mast cells and neutrophils and parenchymal structural cell changes involving vascular endothelial cells and CD90 fibroblast cells were also evaluated using the same methods The immunoreactivity or positive inflammatory cells of all the sections were analyzed using professional image analysis software to determine statistical significance. The immunoreactivity for IL-17A, IL-17RA, IL-17E, IL-17RB and IL-17F showed significant decrease in CRC tissue when compared to UC (p = 0.00001. respectively). The reduction of above IL-17 relative ligands and receptors was accompanied by an obvious decrease in the number of infiltrating neutrophils and mast cells in CRC (p = 0.00001 and p = 0.007, respectively) but accompanied by a marked increase of CD31 blood vessels (p = 0.001). The immunoreactivity of IL-17A, IL-17RA, IL-17E, IL-17RB and IL-17F and the numbers of infiltrating neutrophils and mast cells showed significant decrease in CRC tissues when compared to those in polyp (p < 0.05). In contrast, the immunoreactivity of IL-17RC and the numbers of CD3 1ymphocytes were elevated in CRC when compared with those in polyp (p = 0.0001, p = 0.007, respectively). In CRC tissues, positive correlations between IL-17A, IL-17RA with CD68 macrophages were observed respectively (r = 0.621, p = 0.0001; r = 0.75, p = 0.0001). IL-17 cytokine family including ligands and their corresponding receptors were secreted and expressed by infiltrating inflammatory cells. Not only infiltrating lymphocytes but also increased blood endothelial cells were relative significantly to genesis and progression of CRC.

Abstract. Glioma is a type of tumor derived from glial cells, which is associated with a high level of incidence and mortality. At present, the generation of a fast and efficient method to evaluate the malignancy grade of glioma is required. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are currently attracting attention in oncological studies; therefore, the present study aimed to investigate novel biomarkers of glioma CSCs, in order to provide new criteria for the grading of glioma. The mRNA expression levels of CD133, (sex determining region Y)-box 2, nestin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) were detected in 15 human samples of high-malignancy glioma and 12 human samples of low-malignancy glioma in vitro. The mRNA expression levels of VEGF and PI3K were higher in the high-malignancy group, as compared with in the low-malignancy group. In conclusion, the mRNA expression levels of VEGF and PI3K in glioma CSCs may be considered a novel criteria for the grading of glioma.

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In order to explore the effect of paclitaxel (PTX) combined with Survivin siRNA on proliferation and apoptosis in U-87MG cells in vitro, the U-87MG cells were transfected with Survivin siRNA and treated with PTX at the same time. The cell morphological changes were determined by methylene blue solution. Survivin, cyclin D1, c-Myc and CDK4 expression in U-87MG cells was analyzed by RT-PCR and western blot at 48 h after treatment. The cell proliferation and apoptosis in U-87MG cells were determined by MTT, flow cytometry assay. The results showed that Survivin was highly expressed in U-87MG cells, whereasSurvivin expression was reduced in pSilenceTMneo3.1-H1-siRNA-Survivin transfected and PTX treated U-87MG cells separately. But the inhibiting effect is not so obvious, in order to improve the treatment effect, PTX and survivin siRNA were used to treat U-87MG cells at the same time. The results demonstrated that Survivin siRNA combined with PTX significantly increased the sensitivity of U-87MG cells of PTX and elevated apoptotic cell rate, thus decreased, CDK4, cyclin D1 and cMyc expression levels in U-87MG cells through RT-PCR and western blot assays. In short, this study demonstrated that Survivin siRNA combined PTX effectively suppressed growth and induced apoptosis in U-87MG cells in vitro, it is an vital approach to treat glioma.

Background: Bladder cancer is the most common urinary system malignant disease all over the world. Our former research results showed that IL-17 family relative cytokines involved in the occurrence and development of bladder cancer, moreover A variety of inflammatory cells (such as lymphocyte, macrophage, mast cell and neutrophil ) infiltrated in bladder cancer tissues and were closely related to bladder cancer.Results: Immunohistochemistry (HIS) was employed to measure expression and location of IL-17A, IL-6, STAT3 and VEGF in pathological specimens of bladder cancer patients with different degree of malignancy (n=80), cystitis (n=23) and relative normal adjacent tissues (n=4). ELISA was used for measuring concentrations of MMP-9, TGF-β, VEGF and IFN-γ in serum samples collected from patients with bladder cancer (n=34) and control subjects (n=5). Immunoreactivity for IL-17A, IL-6, STAT3 and VEGF significant increased in tissues of bladder cancer compared with that of cystitis and normal adjacent tissues (p = 0.001. respectively), which was positively associated with the degrees of malignancy of the cancer. Serum concentrations of TGF-β and VEGF were significantly higher in patients with bladder cancer compared with that of controls (p=0.002 and p=0.0001 respectively), while concentrations of MMP-9 and IFN-γ were not significantly different between the groups of subjects. In the meanwhile, serum concentrations of MMP-9, TGF-β, VEGF, but not IFN-γ were significantly higher in patients with high degree of malignancy (stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ) than that of patients with low malignancy (stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ) (p=0.001, p=0.030, and p=0.011 respectively).Conclusion: Elevated expression of IL-17A, IL-6, STAT3 in tissues and of TGF-β, VEGF in serum might be considered as potential biomarkers for clinical stages of bladder carcinoma progress.Trial registration: ISRCTN, ISRCTN2012BH006. Registered 10 January 2012