Absorbance measurements at 660 nm of calmodulin (CaM) dependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity under cell free conditions indicate that 30-min exposures to weak magnetostatic field intensities alters this activity, compared to zero magnetic field exposures. This effect depends nonlinearly on the concentration of free calcium, with maximum magnetic interaction apparently occurring at an optimal Ca(2+) concentration corresponding to 50% activation (EC(50)). If one regards Ca(2+)/CaM activation as a switching process, then increasing the magnetic field at Ca(2+) levels in excess of optimal acts to bias this switch towards lower calcium concentrations. A magnetic dependence has been previously reported by others in an homologous system, CaM dependent myosin light chain phosphorylation, implying that there may be an underlying magnetic interaction that involves the initial Ca(2+)/CaM binding process common to both enzymatic pathways. The level of magnetostatic intensity at which this effect is observed ( approximately 20 microT) implies that CaM activation may be functionally sensitive to the geomagnetic field.

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Abstract-Driving always involves risk. Various means have been proposed to reduce the risk. Critical motion detection of nearby moving vehicles is one of the important means of preventing accidents. In this paper, a computational model, which is referred to as the dynamic visual model (DVM), is proposed to detect critical motions of nearby vehicles while driving on a highway. The DVM is motivated by the human visual system and consists of three analyzers: 1) sensory analyzers, 2) perceptual analyzers, and 3) conceptual analyzers. In addition, a memory, which is called the episodic memory, is incorporated, through which a number of features of the system, including hierarchical processing, configurability, adaptive response, and selective attention, are realized. A series of experimental results with both single and multiple critical motions are demonstrated and show the feasibility of the proposed system.Index Terms-Assembly of adaptive-resonance-theory (ART) neural networks, driver-assistance system (DAS), dynamic visual model (DVM), fuzzy integral, spatiotemporal attention (STA) neural network.

CGRP plays similar roles as a vasodilator in males and females. SP seems to act as a vasoconstrictor in females.

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