The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of some physico-chemical and hormonal treatments for dormancy removal / germination improvement. In laboratory experiment, seeds were subjected to various hormonal treatments like Gibberellic acid (0.01mM & 0.1mM), Indole Acetic acid (.01mM & 0.1mM) & Kinetin (0.01mM & 0.1 mM) for 24h. Seeds were also subjected to 24h, 48h running water for leaching and seed were kept for moist chilling at 4 0 C for 2 months. Seeds were also treated with hormones (48h L +Kn (0.01 & 0.1mM); 48h L+GA3 (0.1mM) for 24h after 48h leaching. Seed germination was promoted by GA3 (0.1mM), IAA (0.01mM) and Kinetin (0.01mM). Kinetin (0.01 mM) was found to be most effective caused 77.33% germination within 150 days at 4 0 C as compared to 60% in control. Leaching (24h & 48h) alone was not found to be effective, rather it was inhibitory for seed germination. Hormonal treatments (Kinetin 0.01 & 0.1 mM) when applied to seeds after 48h leaching enhanced seed germination. Lower concentration was found to be more effective, around 72% & 68% germination was observed at 48hL + Kn 0.01mM and 48h L + Kn 0.1mM, respectively as compared to 60% in control. Based on dormancy breaking requirements, it was confirmed that seeds failed to germinate under favourable conditions throughout the study period (8 months). However seeds germinate only at low temperature (4 0 C). Pretreated seeds shifted from 4 0 C to 25 0 C got deteriorated within 10 days. The data indicate that seeds of Bunium persicum exhibit morpho physiological dormancy.
Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) is one of the proven anticipatory and legislative tool used to predict the environmental consequences of any development project. It is a decision making tool used to anticipate and quantify the positive and negative impact of a proposed development project on environment consisting of a social, economic and biophysical aspects. The purpose of the assessment to assist decision makers in considering the environmental impacts of proposed project when deciding whether to proceed with a project. Numerous EIA methodologies have been developed such as Interaction Matrices, Network, Checklist, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), Rapid Impact Assessment Matrix (RIAM) and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Although, there are number of studies on EIA methodologies to identify their strength and weakness, the adequacy of impact assessment methodologies was evaluated in terms of specific criteria like impact identification, impact communication and impact interpretation. A review on these EIA methodologies and their adoption has been presented in the current study. The aim of this review paper is to find out that, which method we can use to assess the environmental assessment of highway road expansion in mountainous regions.
The seedling growth of Brassica campestris var. varuna, has been studied, as affected by water-stress and gibberellin treatments. A 'boost' in the net GA response due to water-stress, has been observed. Thus presence of GA can overcome the water-stress effects.
The study was conducted to analyze the impact of highway expansion activity on air quality. The study area was divided into four equal sites based on distances viz. Site 1, Site 2, Site 3 and Site 4. The observation on different air quality parameters at each site were recorded periodically (three times) at an interval of 15 days during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. The ambient air quality levels were compared with NAAQS standards. SO2 concentration in the study area lies in between the range from 6.24 g m-3 to 7.53 g m-3. NO2 concentration in the study area varied from 16.82ìg m-3 to 26.98 g m-3. The highest SO2 and NO2 concentration were observed in the post-monsoon season and lowest in the pre-monsoon season and lowest in the pre-monsoon season. The concentration of SO2 and NO2 lies within the permissible limits given by NAAQS in all the sites.
The study was conducted to analyze the impact of highway expansion activity on soil microbial diversity. The study area was divided into four equal sites based on distances viz. Site 1, Site 2, Site 3 and Site 4. The surface soil samples from each site were collected at three horizontal distances from the edge of the National Highway during pre- monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. The horizontal distances to collect the soil data considered were 0–10-meter, 10-10 meter and > 20 meter which were replicated four times in randomized block design. The total microbial count in the surface soil lies in between from 31 x 106 cfu /g to 156 x 106 cfu/g. The highest value of total microbial count 156 x 106 cfu /g was recorded in pre-monsoon season at a distance of > 20 m at Dhali and lowest of 31 x 106 cfu /g at a distance of 0-10 m in post-monsoon season at Raghanv. The spatial variation showed an increasing trend with the increasing distances from the highway
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