PurposeThe aim of this paper is to analyze the interrelationship between factors conducive to rural tourism development. This touristic segment has enormous potential but still lacks consistent means and measures to ensure rural tourism's holistic development in India.Design/methodology/approachThe study identified 14 factors, of which nine are from the literature review and five are from interaction with the experts, which influence rural tourism development. The research design comprises three segments, i.e. identifying factors from the literature and expert opinion, conducting interviews with the academic experts and managers, and analyzing the responses recorded. Interpretive structural modeling (ISM) technique is used to determine the interlinkage between the factors and develop a hierarchical relationship.FindingsThe results indicate that infrastructure development, growing environmental conscience, support of local government and community, availability of funds with the government and participation of the private sector are the primary factors channelizing rural tourism development. Also, attitudes of locals to adapt, tourist travel motives, marketing of the destination, destination characteristics and recommendation by others are the major dependent factors identified. The findings broaden the knowledge on suitable channels for rural tourism development and provide vital information for the formulation of flexible strategies for developing rural tourism in India.Originality/valueThis paper's originality lies in providing information to clarify the relationships between factors conducive to rural tourism development, an area where limited research has been done.

This study aims to carry out a systematic review of the literature on the impact of technology in the tourism industry and its application in rural tourism research to serve the objective of socio-economic development. Research articles were selected from journals indexed in Scopus, Web of Science, or those that are listed in the Australian Business Deans Council or University Grants Commission – Consortium for Academic & Research Ethics list. This study provides a summarized conclusion of research trends undergoing rural tourisms area while simultaneously highlighting the themes and areas that could be addressed through the tourism industry. This study tries to establish a link between the use of technology and the development of the rural tourism industry. Also, it concludes that the use of technology has evolved the way that rural tourism could be conducted. Furthermore, it has opened up ways to use rural tourism as a means to solve existing socio-economic challenges in society. This study is new and it certainly adds to the value of researchers and academicians working in this domain by providing them with research areas that require a thought to ponder upon.

PurposeThis study aims to map the development of research on family business in tourism and hospitality and provides insights into the key contributors, key areas and current dynamics, and suggests future research directions in the field.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses the Web of Science (WoS) database to identify the 124 articles published in the theme. The study uses bibliometric indicators such as the co-citation network, word co-occurrence network to analyze the publication and citation structure using Science of Science (Sci2), OpenRefine, and Gephi.FindingsThe top authors, top journals and major themes are recognized using bibliometric techniques. The study identifies six keyword clusters: entrepreneurship, innovation, and empirical collaborating with tourism, hospitality, and family business. The country-wise collaboration indicates the lack of research in the eastern hemisphere of the world. The co-authorship shows studies shared among individuals of a few organizations. The trends from bibliographic coupling depict the evolution of research.Research limitations/implicationsThe scope of data collection for the network analysis is limited to the WoS. Incorporating papers from other databases might provide different network structures and insights.Originality/valueThe study is the first of its kind in the theme of family businesses in tourism and hospitality and will contribute to the literature by identifying future research directions.

Intel, Hillsboro, ORThe recent emphasis on power efficiency in serial I/O [1-4] reflects the growing need for lower-power chip-to-chip interfaces for computing systems. Boardlevel transceivers using a variety of low-power circuit techniques have demonstrated power efficiencies as low as 2.2mW/(Gb/s) across four data lanes [1]. Because power efficiency generally degrades as the per-lane data rate increases [2], low-power interfaces with high aggregate bandwidths must combine many parallel data lanes within the silicon, package and board area constraints. Parallel links can also reduce average power by disabling some or all lanes during periods of sub-peak bandwidth demand, but the efficiency and latency of this scheme is limited by wake-up time [4]. This paper describes a 470Gb/s binary NRZ parallel interface in 45nm CMOS that consumes 1.4mW/Gb/s. The circuitry and interconnect were co-designed to minimize power and area. Power is reduced by sharing clocking within "bundles" of data lanes, minimizing the span of clock signals and pairing a low-swing TX driver with a sensitive RX sampler. Silicon area is minimized by using on-chip transmission lines (TLs) to redistribute clock and data signals, while a dense, top-side package connector enables intra-bundle delay matching. The interface also has fast (<5ns) RX standby wake-up and an integrated wake-up time measurement circuit to enable aggressive power management. The interface and channel topology are intended for CPU-to-CPU and CPU-to-memory communication.Figure 8.1.1 shows the interconnect topology and link schematic. The link is asymmetric full-duplex with 19 lanes in one direction and 28 lanes in the opposite direction. The data lanes are organized into groups of 9 or 10, which are referred to as bundles. A single forwarded clock transmitter and injection-locked VCO (IL-VCO) are shared for each die. The interconnect topology consists of two packaged dies connected to a bridge board through top-side package connectors. This topology is compatible with either a high-density interconnect (HDI) or Flex cable, but the HDI implementation is the focus of this work. The data signals for each bundle are routed on a single layer of the bridge, and all lanes within a bundle are length matched to <100µm. This allows clock recovery to be done on a per-bundle basis. The package-to-bridge connector is a 500µm pitch LGA, which provides approximately 4X area density advantage over socket-to-PCB routing and facilitates length matching in the package breakout. The channel is continued on-die with length matched TLs that route the data and clock signals to centrally located TX and RX bundle circuitry ( Fig. 8.1.7). Each bundle occupies the area of only eight C4 bumps. The total area for active interface circuitry is 3.2mm 2 .Figure 8.1.2 shows the schematic for the TX portion of the interface. A supplyregulated IL-VCO generates the interface clock, emulating a system wherein multiple interfaces share a single PLL and filter the clock locally. Alternately, a per-interface PLL based...

The aim of the present study is to identify the factors that propel tourism industry to opt for digitalization and establish a hierarchical relationship among them. The paper further seeks to address how digitalization impacts various stakeholders in tourism industry. Also, various challenges that are arising in course of digitalization in tourism industry are identified and suggestions have been made to resolve these issues. The study makes use of interpretive structural modelling (ISM) to develop a strategic framework related to digitalization in the industry. MICMAC (cross-impact matrix multiplication applied to classification) analysis is used to identify the nature of the factors identified in the framework developed. The results of strategy adopted conclude that customer demand for digitalization, growing essence of sharing economy and presence of social media are important contributors to the enhancement of digitalization in tourism industry. The study highlights the implications for the strategy makers as the outputs from ISM di-graph will allow them to identify and focus more on factors driving the digitalization system and address the various shortcomings in the process effectively.

Purpose This paper aims to map the knowledge management research in small businesses and suggest future actions to strengthen managerial practices. Knowledge management practices foster the growth of small businesses. They allow innovation to grow within the institutions, enhance customer satisfaction and reduce employee absenteeism and attrition. Design/methodology/approach The study adopts a bibliometric protocol to retrieve the 686 articles published in the Web of Science (WoS) database. The WoS database is selected to ensure only quality and peer-reviewed publications are analysed in the study. It then identifies the top contributions, and existing thematic areas, and suggests future research and policy actions for boosting economic growth through small business. The study uses VOSviewer, Science of Science (Sci2) and Gephi to conduct the bibliometric and network analysis. Findings The results from keyword co-occurrence and co-citation analysis helps in identifying thematic areas. The findings highlight that there exist five major themes in knowledge management research for small businesses. The dynamic co-citation analysis helps in tracing the evolution of these clusters and suggests future themes, research directions and methodological advances in the theme. PageRank analysis helps in identifying the top articles published on high-impact journals in the theme. Research limitations/implications The study helps researchers by summarising existing literature and identifying key thematic areas. It also assists policymakers by recommending actions to improve knowledge management practises in small businesses to gain a competitive advantage. The paper suffers from the limitations of bibliometric analysis. The sample is collected from a single data source and a single type (journal articles) and the statistical accuracy of the analysis depends on the quality of the sample. Originality/value The study’s originality lies in using fit-for-purpose software in clustering the research and suggesting actions. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is one of its kind in applying bibliometrics in studying and covering several aspects of knowledge management in small businesses with a combination of software.

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The burgeoning spectrum of tourist demand and changing tastes and preferences calls for developing the nation’s tourism profile. India, one of the fastest-growing economies and a potential attractor of tourists, is estimated to be the world’s third-largest tourism economy by 2028 (as per World Tourism and Travel Council [WTTC] estimates) and is expected to draw massive investment in this sector. Thus, the present study aims to analyse various factors impacting foreign flows in the tourism sector and develops a hierarchical structure among the identified factors through the interpretive structural modelling (ISM) technique. A MICMAC (Matrix of Cross-Impact Multiplications Applied to Classification) analysis is performed to categorise the identified factors based on the driving power and dependence level. The interrelationships among the variables were derived from the opinion gardened from 50 research and industry experts. The results showed that political stability plays a critical component in driving other variables in the system. Also, a stable system is likely to impact the economic environment of a nation positively, thus, creating a desirable profile for investors to invest in tourism businesses or the development of destinations.