We conclude that TAI is independently associated with is a higher risk of miscarriage in a population of unselected pregnant presenting a low risk of miscarriage.

RESUMOO hipotireoidismo subclínico (HS) já foi associado a aumento do risco cardiovascular. Na avaliação desse risco, a medida da espessura íntima-média (EIM) carotídea por ultra-sonografia é capaz de detectar alterações iniciais da aterosclerose. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a EIM carotídea em pacientes com HS e sua associação com um provável aumento do risco cardiovascular. Não foi encontrada diferença significativa nas medidas da EIM das pacientes com HS e das controles. Os resultados encontrados nos dois grupos estudados foram, respectivamente: 0,573 ± 0,070 mm vs. 0,576 ± 0,068 mm para as caróti-das comuns (p= 0,904) e 0,602 ± 0,079 mm vs. 0,617 ± 0,102 mm para as bifurcações (p= 0,714). Mesmo após estratificação das pacientes de acordo com o TSH e com a presença ou não de auto-imunidade, a diferença entre os sub-grupos permaneceu sem significância estatística. As medidas da EIM nesses grupos nos sítios avaliados foram: TSH 4-8 mUI/L: 0,579 ± 0,070 mm e 0,586 ± 0,063 mm; TSH > 8 mUI/L: 0,569 ± 0,073 mm e 0,616 ± 0,091 mm; anti-TPO+: 0,585 ± 0,070 mm e 0,621 ± 0,085 mm; anti-TPO-: 0,554 ± 0,072 mm e 0,571 ± 0,066 mm. Também não houve diferença no lipidograma e nas dosagens de apoproteína B e de lipoproteína (a). Este fato sugere que o HS, quando leve, sem alterações metabólicas associadas, não promove aumento do risco cardiovascular. Subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) has been associated with an increased risk for coronary disease. Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), as assessed by ultrasonography, is a precise marker of atherosclerotic changes and can be used as an endpoint for cardiovascular events. Aims of this study were to determine carotid IMT in a group of patients with SH and its possible association with an increase in cardiovascular risk. There were no significant differences in mean carotid IMT between patients and controls. Results of both groups were, respectively: common carotid arteries, 0.573 ± 0.070 mm and 0.576 ± 0.068 mm (p= 0.904); carotid bifurcation, 0.602 ± 0.079 mm and 0.617 ± 0.102 mm (p= 0.714). Similar results were obtained when analyzing subgroups with serum TSH < or > 8 mIU/L and with positive or negative titers of TPOAb. The mean carotid IMT in these subgroups were: TSH 4-8 mIU/L: 0.579 ± 0.070 mm and 0.586 ± 0.063 mm; TSH > 8 mIU/L: 0.569 ± 0.073 mm and 0.616 ± 0.091 mm; TPOAb+: 0.585 ± 0.070 mm and 0.621 ± 0.085 mm; TPOAb-: 0.554 ± 0.072 mm and 0.571 ± 0.066 mm. No differences in the lipid profile and in the apoprotein B and lipoprotein (a) levels between the groups were found. These findings suggest that mild SH with no related metabolic changes is not associated with an increase in cardiovascular risk, as assessed by carotid IMT. (Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab 2007;51/3:472-477)

Pregnancy is characterized by a series of maternal hormonal and metabolic changes which can affect thyroid function and the course of thyroid dysfunction in different ways. Moreover, hypothyroidism is also associated with obstetric complications and morbidity to the fetus. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of hypothyroidism during the course of pregnancy and the necessity of adjusting the dose of levothyroxine. We prospectively followed 16 patients with previous diagnosis of hypothyroidism. In ten patients (62.5%) it was necessary to raise the dose of levothyroxine, with a median increase of 20.7%. One pregnancy was complicated by premature amniorrhexis and two by pre-eclampsia. The screening for congenital hypothyroidism was negative in all newborns. We conclude that it is very important to offer screening to high-risk patients who wish to become pregnant. Dose adjustment based on serum levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is essential. In patients in whom TSH is not measured during the first weeks of pregnancy, a good approach could be to increase the dose of replacement therapy by 20-25% to avoid hypothyroidism.

Objetivo: avaliar a influência do hipertiroidismo na evolução da gravidez e a necessidade de ajustes na dose de antitiroidianos neste período e no pós-parto. Métodos: avaliação prospectiva de dados clínicos e laboratoriais de treze gestações em onze mulheres com hipertiroidismo devido à doença de Graves, com dosagem de TSH e T 4 livre a cada trimestre ou quatro semanas após ajuste do antitiroidiano. O objetivo foi manter o T 4 livre no terço superior da normalidade usando a menor dose possível de antitiroidiano. Resultados: a média de idade no início da gravidez foi de 31,1 anos (23 a 41). Houve redução da dose de antitiroidiano em oito gestações (69,5%) e, em duas, a droga foi suspensa. Antes da gravidez, a dose média de propiltiouracil era de 400 mg/dia (200 a 900) e a de metimazol, 45 mg/dia (20 a 60). Após o parto, a dose dos antitiroidianos foi reduzida para 200 e 30 mg/dia, respectivamente. Uma paciente apresentou parto prematuro (36 a semana de gestação) e outra, recém-nato pequeno para a idade gestacional (2.000 g com 38 semanas de gestação). Houve um caso de natimortalidade. Não houve abortamentos ou anomalias congênitas. Após o parto, a dose de antitiroidiano foi aumentada em sete pacientes e mantida nas demais. Conclusões: recomendamos acompanhamento rigoroso de gestantes hipertiroidianas e titulação decrescente da dose dos antitiroidianos no decorrer da gestação, com o intuito de evitar o hipotiroidismo materno e suas conseqüências no desenvolvimento fetal. O acompanhamento após o parto dever ser cuidadoso, já que há a possibilidade de nova exacerbação do hipertiroidismo. O uso dos antitiroidianos foi seguro para as pacientes e sua prole. PALAVRAS-CHAVE:Complicações na gravidez; Hipertiroidismo; Doença de Graves ABSTRACT Purpose: to evaluate the influence of hyperthyroidism during pregnancy and the necessity of changing antithyroid drug dose in this period and after delivery. Methods: prospective evaluation of clinical and laboratorial findings of thirteen pregnancies in eleven pregnant women with hyperthyroidism due to Graves' disease. These women were evaluated through TSH and serum free T 4 at each trimester or four weeks after setting thionamide dosage. The goal was to maintain free T 4 in the superior third of the normal range using the lowest possible thionamide dose. Results: the mean age at the beginning of the pregnancy was 31.1 years (23 to 41). The mean dosage of thionamide was reduced in eight pregnancies (69.5%) and, in two, the drug was discontinued. Before pregnancy, mean propylthiouracil dose was 400 mg/day (200-900) and mean methimazole dose was 45 mg/day (20-60). After delivery, antithyroid drug dose was 200 and 30 mg/day, respectively. One patient presented premature labor (at 36 weeks) and another, a newborn small for gestational age (2.000 g at 38 weeks). There was one stillborn. There were no miscarriages or congenital anomalies. After labor, antithyroid drug dose was increased in seven patients and in the others the dose was maintained. Conclusions: we suggest close follow-up o...

Our results suggest that TPOAb could be used as a screening test for PPTD prediction at least among women who present a high risk of developing PPTD.