The present study was designed to determine resistance rates and patterns in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates obtained from hospitalised burn patients in an Indian tertiary care hospital. To that end, we isolated plasmid(s) from the multidrug-resistant isolates, demonstrated the plasmid-mediated resistance by curing and transformation experiments, and screened all the isolates for the occurrence of AmpC L-lactamases. Thirty isolates of P. aeruginosa were analysed for the presence of antibiotic resistance. Plasmid-curing experiments and AmpC L-lactamase detection were performed on all the isolates and seven isolates showing the most common antibiotic resistance pattern were selected for plasmid isolation and transformation experiments. All 30 isolates were multidrug-resistant and the majority (83.3%) of isolates were resistant to seven or more antibiotics, out of 11 antibiotics tested including anti-pseudomonal and non-antipseudomonal antimicrobial drugs. The most striking feature was the presence of resistance to amikacin. A 48.5-kb plasmid was isolated from the isolates. Curing and transformation experiments showed that resistance to amikacin was plasmid-mediated. Phenotypic screening for the occurrence of AmpC L-lactamases showed that 20% of isolates were AmpC producers whereas 10% of isolates were characterised as 'indeterminate' for AmpC enzyme. In conclusion, a markedly high (56.7%) resistance to amikacin was noted in the present study. Amikacin resistance was determined to be plasmid-encoded and the presence of an AmpC L-lactamase was inferred in 20% of isolates. This is among the first reports regarding the emergence of plasmid-mediated resistance to amikacin and the occurrence of AmpC L-lactamases in P. aeruginosa strains from India.
Dengue virus (DENV) is a major mosquito vector based human pathogenic flavivirus which is causing major threat worldwide, yet the availability of therapeutic treatment and several vaccines, still called for advance treatment and vaccine development. The present top down computational approach is a vaccine development step to find novel super antigenic HLA binding epitopes from DENV proteome. The approach used sequence based screening to find complete conserve and high population coverage, common epitopes among all DENV serotype. Propred and Immune Epitope Data Base were used for sequence based screening with recommended parameters. Among top 29 identified epitopes, five structural protein epitopes viz.
33
LQGRGPLKL
41
,
249
VVVLGSQEG
257
,
172
LVGIVTLYL
180
,
146
MKILIGVVI
154
,
72
YIIVGVEPG
80
and one nonstructural protein epitope
18
LKNDIPMTG
26
were showed high conserve nature and high population coverage from complete DENV proteome. Further structure based study involving docking and molecular dynamic simulation to confirm stable behavior of HLA allele–peptide complex to give potent cell mediated immune response. Docking of epitope
72
YIIVGVEPG
80
–DRB1 0401 allele and epitope
33
LQGRGPLKL
41
–B*5101 allele complexes showed the best binding energy of − 7.71 and − 7.20 kcal/mol, respectively and stable binding pattern over the time window during molecular dynamic simulation. This computational approach resulted novel epitopes which can be used in the design and development of short epitope based vaccines as well as diagnosis tools for dengue infection.
Adopting an efficient and effective method to locate and select desired services among thousands of available web services is an important task in the service-oriented computing environment. If the services are registered properly, then it will be easy for the service requesters to discover the Web services. Here, we provide Web Service Registration Interface for the service providers along with an ontology tree to register the functional and non-functional properties of the mathematical Web services under a particular domain. The registration details are stored in an XML file and a sorted file. A user-centric client interface is also provided for the service requesters to search the Web services based on user's preference. Finally, a Quality of Service based ranking algorithm is provided to rank the Web services and top-k Web services are returned. With the experimental evaluation, our approach not only alleviates the requesters from time consuming discovery tasks but also reduce the search space for discovery processes in the user-centric Web environment.
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