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Objective: Evaluate the effect of nano-filled coating on fluoride release/recharging ability of Equia forte Fil and Fuji II LC glass ionomer cements in comparison to commonly used surface coatings; universal adhesive and petroleum jelly. Methodology: 24 disc-shaped samples for each group were prepared with glass hybrid (Group I) and resinmodified glass ionomer cement (Group II). Each group was divided into four subgroups; 1: Control, 2: Equia Forte Coat, 3: Single bond Universal and 4: Petroleum jelly. Fluoride ions released was measured at different time intervals using fluoride-specific ion-electrode. After 63 days, samples were immersed in sodium-fluoride gel and fluoride recharge capability was evaluated. Results: Application of coats on glass hybrid resulted in significant decrease in fluoride ions release at all tested time intervals, in comparison to control group (p<0.0001). The least ions release was recorded in nano-filled coat and universal adhesive. For RMGIC, delay in burst release was observed after coating, with the least fluoride release recorded in nano-filled coated subgroup. All groups showed the ability to recharge with NaF gel and re-release again. Conclusions: 1. Application of coatings has dramatic reducing effect on fluoride ions release/recharging ability. 2. Nano-filled coating and universal adhesive have a hindering influence on fluoride ions release more than petroleum jelly.3. The effect of nano-filled coating is more evident on glass hybrid than on resin-modified glass ionomer cement. 4. Application of coatings on glass hybrid and RMGIC delayed the burst release but maintained the fluoride release ability of GICs at constant level.

Different scaffold biomaterials are being investigated as a solution for bone loss due to disease or trauma. The aim of this study is the fabrication, characterization, and in vitro biological evaluation of a novel polycaprolactone (PCL) nanoscaffold incorporating pomegranate peel extract (PG) for bone regeneration. Using electrospinning, three groups of scaffolds were prepared: the control group PCL and two groups of PCL with PG concentrations (11 and 18 weight %). The antioxidant activity and the total phenolic content (TPC) of the fabricated nanoscaffolds were evaluated, in addition to the porosity and degradation measurement. Cultured osteoblasts derived from rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were used for the assessment of cell proliferation and attachment on the scaffold’s surface. Scaffolds’ characterization showed uniform nanofibers (NFs) with a fiber diameter range of 149–168 nm. Meanwhile, higher antioxidant activity and TPC of the PG groups were detected. Furthermore, total porosities of 59 and 62% were determined for the PCL–PG scaffolds. An increased degradation rate and significant improvement in cell proliferation and cell attachment were revealed for the PCL–PG fabricated scaffolds. Such incorporation of natural food waste, PG, in PCL NFs offered novel PCL–PG scaffolds as a promising candidate for bone regeneration applications.

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