Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Throughout the pandemic, evidence on the effects of COVID-19 during pregnancy has been inadequate due to the limited number of studies published. Therefore, the objective of this systematic review was to evaluate current literature regarding the effects of COVID-19 during pregnancy and establish pregnancy outcomes and vertical and perinatal transmission during pregnancy. Multiple databases were searched, including Embase, Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Central Register of Control Clinical Trials, using the following keywords: [Pregnancy] AND [COVID-19 OR SARS-CoV-2 OR nCoV-19] OR [Perinatal transmission, Vertical transmission (VT), Pregnancy complications], [Pregnancy] AND [Hyperinflammation OR Cytokine storm]. We excluded in vitro and experimental studies, but also ex-vivo and animal study methods. To exclude the risk of bias during data collection and interpretation, all included studies were peer-reviewed publications. This review is estimated to tabulate the study intervention characteristics and compare them against the planned groups for each synthesis. Our findings showed that pregnant women are commonly susceptible to respiratory viral infections and severe pneumonia due to physiological immune suppression and pregnancy-induced changes. VT of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy is associated with a great deal of controversy and conflict. However, there is still no robust clinical evidence of VT. Furthermore, the clinical presentation and management of COVID-19 during pregnancy are nearly identical to those of non-pregnant women. Finally, chloroquine and remdesivir are the only two drugs evaluated as adequate for the management of COVID-19 during pregnancy.

Toxoplasmosis is a zoonotic illness caused by Toxoplasma gondii. Those with a normal immune system normally recover without treatment. Immunocompromised individuals and pregnant women must be treated regularly. Toxoplasmosis is a serious illness that may reactivate in immunocompromised patients. A retrospective study using machine learning of toxoplasmosis patients at Government Fever Hospital in Gorantla, Guntur, India, included 25 women, eight of whom were pregnant. These included sex, age, symptoms and side effects, pregnancy, ophthalmic, and antitoxoplasmosis titers, and treatment regimens. Protease mobility and specific activity were increased in toxoplasmosis-infected women’s sera, although not significantly (p=0.05). However, there was no discernible decline. The impacts of nanoparticle impact demonstrated a 52.24 percent drop in compound concentration in the presence of zinc nanoparticles, whereas the effect of ZnO nanoparticles was 51.37 percent. Zinc nanoparticles lowered IgA, IgG, and IgM levels in the eye.

There has been a recent surge in the number of cases of Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in Saudi Arabia, despite the country's reputation for conservatism and lower incidence of other sexually transmitted diseases.. The study aimed to assess the awareness and knowledge of HPV and acceptability HPV vaccination among the female population in the Taif region. A survey was conducted among females aged 18-58 years who were residents of Taif city. A pretested questionnaire was used that included sociodemographic details and items that recorded awareness, knowledge, attitude, and perceptions related to HPV and anti-HPV vaccination. A mixture of convenience and snowball sampling techniques was used to collect responses. About 47.1% had awareness regarding HPV and only 14.8% knew that HPV is a common infection in Saudi Arabia. However, 78.2% knew that unsafe sexual relations could increase the risk of infection with HPV. But only 15.8% believed that there is a treatment for HPV infection. The knowledge related to HPV was found to be poor among 58.5%, and only 10.9% demonstrated poor knowledge. Campaigns to educate people of all ages about human papillomavirus to remain essential for increasing HPV vaccination rates, particularly among women of reproductive age.

The oral contraceptive pill (OCP) is a type of birth control pill that is taken orally. OCP is the world's most frequently used contraceptive method today. To estimate the prevalence of depression among hormonal contraceptive users in Taif city. The study was a cross-sectional questionnaire survey, based on a structured questionnaire that was developed by authors conducted in Taif city in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia The required sample was calculated, which is approximately 384. The prevalence of using oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) was found to be 57.5% The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) score was calculated by adding the scores of all the items in the questionnaire. The mean scores for the BDI were found to be 14.1 ± 10.1. A BDI score of 17 or more was considered to have clinical depression, and it was found that the prevalence of depression was 37.8%. The Levels of Depression were calculated based on the total score as Normal (1-10), Mild mood disturbance (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16), , Extreme depression (>40). The analysis showed that 2.4% and 4.4% demonstrated extreme and severe depression, respectively. The findings showed that females' oral contraceptive pills were the most commonly used contractive methods. About 37.8% of the females who used OCPs had demonstrated depression symptoms.

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