RESUMO: "Efeito hipoglicemiante do extrato hidroalcoólico de folhas de Averrhoa carambola L. (Oxalidaceae)". O efeito do tratamento via oral (20 mg/kg x day) com extrato hidroalcoólico de folhas de Averrhoa carambola L. (EHFC) sobre a glicemia de jejum (15 h) foi examinada ao compararmos ratos que receberam veículo (Grupo controle) ou EHFC (Grupo EHFC) durante 15 dias. O grupo EHFC apresentou menor glicemia de jejum (p 0,05). Em contraste, o grupo EHFC apresentou maior (p 0,05) produção hepática glicose a partir de L-alanina (5 mM). Este efeito foi mediado, pelo menos parcialmente, pela ativação do catabolismo da L-alanina, inferido pela maior produção hepática de uréia (p 0,05) e L-lactato (p 0,05). Diferente da L-alanina, a produção hepática de glicose a partir de L-glutamina (5 mM), L-lactato (2 mM) e glicerol (2 mM) no grupo EHFC foi similar ao grupo controle. Adicionalmente, o efeito do tratamento com EHFC sobre a captação de glicose no músculo soleus, inferida pela incorporação de [14 C]-glicose em glicogênio (síntese de glicogênio) e produção de [14 C]-lactato foi investigada, verifi cando-se resultados semelhantes nos dois grupos. Assim, concluiu-se que a redução da glicemia de jejum promovida pelo tratamento com EHFC não foi mediada por inibição da gliconeogenese hepática e/ou aumento da captação muscular de glicose.Unitermos: Averrhoa carambola, Oxalidaceae, carambola, gliconeogenese, plantas antidiabeticas, efeito hipoglicemiante. ABSTRACT:The effect of the oral treatment (20 mg/kg x day) with the hydroalcoholic extract of leaves of Averrhoa carambola L. (HELAC) on fasting glycemia (15 h) was examined. For this purpose, rats that received vehicle (Control group) or HELAC (HELAC group) during 15 days were compared. HELAC group showed lower fasting glycemia (p 0.05). In contrast, livers from HELAC group showed higher (p 0.05) glucose production from L-alanine (5 mM). This effect was mediated, at least part of it, by an activation of the catabolism of L-alanine inferred by the increased hepatic urea (p 0.05) and L-lactate (p 0.05) production. Differently of L-alanine, the glucose production from L-glutamine (5 mM), L-lactate (2 mM) and glycerol (2 mM) was similar (Control group vs. HELAC group). In addition, the HELAC treatment did not change the glucose uptake in soleus muscles, inferred by the incorporation of [ 14 C]-glucose to glycogen (glycogen synthesis) and [14 C]-lactate production. Thus, we can conclude that the reduction of fasting glycemia promoted by the treatment with HELAC was not mediated by an inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis and/or an increased glucose uptake by muscles.
The activation of hepatic gluconeogenesis in male Wistar adult 6 h fasted rats during insulin-induced hypoglycemia (IIH) was previously demonstrated. In this study, the effects of intraperitoneal (ip) glucose (100 mg/kg) on the activation of liver gluconeogenesis during IIH was investigated. Thus, 6 h fasted rats that received ip regular insulin (1 U/kg) and 30 min later ip saline (Control group) or glucose (Experimental group) were compared. All the experiments were executed 60 min after insulin injection. The glycemia of Control and Experimental groups were not different (P > 0.05). To investigate gluconeogenesis, liver perfusion experiments were performed. The results demonstrated that excepting glycerol, livers from rats which received ip glucose showed lower (Therefore, the absence of glucose recovery after the glucose administration was mediated, at least in part, by an inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis.
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