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Natural disaster is a major challenge to tourism destinations. Thus, a vulnerability analysis is required as a part of disaster risk reduction to ensure their sustainability. This study aimed to present an analysis of the tourism vulnerability framework for those areas that face natural prone disasters. To achieve the study purpose, the framework was developed through a review of research papers that focusing on the application of vulnerability approach in sustainable tourism discourse. The search databases used for literature review including Google Scholar, SCOPUS and Science Direct. The primary result is discussed using the constructs of Vulnerability Framework for Sustainable Tourism Development (VFSTD), which composed of several elements: shocks-stressors, exposure, sensitivity and system adaptiveness. The VFSTF is fundamentally adopted from Turner Vulnerability Analysis in Sustainability Science, which highlights the integration of vulnerability approach and sustainability science as a system. For tourism as a core, VFSTD would helpful in clarifying the fundamental of vulnerability analysis and enhancing the effectiveness of risk reduction action for tourism in disaster-prone areas. Particularly, users of VFSTD would able to explore the factors and processes that create and perpetuate vulnerability to natural disasters in tourism destinations and elicit adjustment and feedback to encourage tourism sustainability more holistically.

Langkawi Island is one of the most popular tourist destinations in Malaysia among both domestic and international tourists. The development of the tourism industry on this island has brought direct and indirect impact to the local communities. The objective of the present study is to analyze the impact of tourism development on

This article will discuss about domestic and international research on food security and health. Based on the discussion in the past review of the work, there are various factors that affect the discomfort of food. These include physical, social and economic aspects. Threats to the discomfort of these food will ultimately affect the physical and mental health of humans, thereby affecting human capital productivity. Therefore, the risk factors of food disorders should be controlled and overcome to ensure a healthier and better quality of life especially among indigenous people.