Truck parking is currently ranked by the American Transportation Research Institute (ATRI) as the fifth most critical issue for the trucking industry and, more importantly, as the second most important issue for truck drivers. Part of the problem can be attributed to inadequate supply of parking and federal hours of service (HOS) regulations. Recent truck driver stated-preference surveys reveal that amenities including restrooms, fuel, and showers are important considerations while seeking available parking. A link between parking usage patterns and facility amenity bundles can guide transportation agency investments in relation to the design and type of parking facilities with high potential to mitigate overcrowding issues, and can be used for predictive modeling in real-time parking availability algorithms and information systems. This paper used historical, anonymous truck global positioning system (GPS) data to determine the extent to which hourly parking usage patterns, that is, average parking duration, percentage of parked trucks, and parking usage ratio, vary by amenity availability. A K-means clustering model grouped parking facilities by time of day parking usage patterns, season, and geographic region. Each cluster, represented by parking usage patterns, was then tied to unique amenity bundles. Three usage pattern clusters were identified: overnight usage with long parking durations ( Cluster 1), off-peak usage with long parking durations, ( Cluster 2), and off-peak usage with short parking durations ( Cluster 3). In general, overnight and longer duration parking was associated with facilities that had fewer amenities, notably without showers, while peak and off-peak hours and shorter duration parking was associated with full-service facilities.
Strategic locations for truck parking capacity expansion should be selected to maximize benefits to drivers and industry while minimizing negative externalities to communities. To select strategic locations, local governments, developers, state transportation agencies, and private truck stop operators need to understand how parking facilities affect local economies. Although sufficient parking capacity allows drivers to adhere to federally mandated rest requirements, demand for safe parking is outpacing supply. Truck parking demand is likely to grow as freight tonnage is estimated to increase 1.2% per year between 2018 and 2045 and mandates for electronic logging devices go into effect. However, truck parking facilities can be viewed by local communities and real-estate developers as producing pollution, noise, and congestion. Yet, they may also represent economic opportunities for tax revenues for the local economy and agglomeration benefits for surrounding trucking-related industries. To address these concerns, a systematic, data-driven review of the economic impacts of truck parking facilities is critical. This paper applied a spatial-autoregressive model with autoregressive disturbances to estimate the impact on commercial and industrial land values attributed to proximity to truck parking facilities. Significant benefits to local land values were found: every 1% increase in distance from a parking facility was associated with a 0.284% decrease in land values, which corresponds to a $2,465/acre reduction in value for an average parcel. The findings of the study could help transportation agencies and truck stop operators strategically locate truck parking facilities to harness the economic benefits to local communities.
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