Background:Pseudomonas aeruginosa, is the most common pathogen in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) that shows various resistance to antibiotics, acquires mucoidity and multiple genotypes. This survey was performed to study phenotypic and genotypic variations among P. aeruginosa isolates in CF patients at Alzahra Hospital in Isfahan, Iran.Materials and Methods:The isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from CF patients at Alzahra Hospital was identified by appropriate biochemical and microscopic tests, then performed antibiotic resistance tests and mucoid colony morphotyping. The genum of isolates extracted and confirmed on 16S rDNA-based PCR assay and typed on 16S rDNA-23SrDNA spacer, restricted with Hinf1 restriction enzyme.Results:P. aeruginosa was isolated from 21 of the 59 CF patients (35.5%), Out of 21 isolates 9 (42.8%) strains were revealed mucoid morphotype. 81.8% isolates of mucoid strains were resistance to at least one of four antibiotics (GM, AN, PIP and CP). Most of the isolates (86%) showed resistance to ceftazidime. Ribotyping revealed two patterns (P1, P5).Conclusion:The isolates of P. aeruginosa showed meaningful difference between drug resistance to antibiotics. The majority of P. aeruginosa isolated from CF patients showed pattern1 of PCR-Ribotyping.

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Background:The aerobic Actinomycetes are a large group of soil-indwelling bacteria that are distributed in world-wide. These Gram-positive bacteria are most commonly associated with opportunistic infections in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent hosts.Materials and Methods:In this study, three phenotypic and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction methods for isolation and identification of Nocardia genus were compared. Samples were taken in five different locations of Isfahan's suburb from hospitals area, parks, agricultural lands, gardens, arid lands with different soil temperature and pH.Results:In this study, showed that slip-buried-method was better than two other phenotypic methods; 14 out of 70 soil samples (20%) were positive for Nocardia spp. DNA of positive samples were extracted with three techniques and DNA extraction by microwave technique was better than others. This technique was confirmed with observation of DNA bands on 1% agarose gel.Conclusions:These bacteria are important in immune deficient patients such as cancer patients, transplant recipients, tuberculosis; acquired immunodeficiency syndrome etc., Their affluence is unsteady in different zones of the world. In this study, among the three phenotypic methods for the isolation of Nocardia slip-buried method was better than other methods. Among DNA extraction techniques, DNA extraction by microwave method would be selective method for DNA extraction of Nocardia spp. compared with others techniques.