The purpose of this study was to prepare and characterize levocetirizine hydrochloride loaded liposome of by film hydration technique followed by sonication. Sorbitol was added to facilitate the hydration of dried liposome into vesicles or to prepare rehydration system. The liposomes were characterized for size, shape, entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release and stability. The morphology of liposomes was characterized through a phase-contrast microscope and transmission electron microscope. The percent entrapment efficiency and particle size varied between 55.6 ± 0.21 to 81.2 ± 0.52 and 15.73 ± 0.99 to 24.52 ± 0.97 μm, respectively. The drug release increased at higher concentration of phospholipids. On the other hand, the drug release was decreased at higher concentration of cholesterol. The preliminary results of this study suggest that the developed multi-lamellar vesicles containing levocetirizine hydrochloride could enhance drug entrapment efficiency, reduce the initial burst release and modulate the drug release.
Plant had been used as medicine in ancient. Now day's Pharmaceutical companies start processing of medicinal and aromatic plants in their formulation by using extraction of active components. Extraction of plant components likes volatile, Essential or ethereal oils and mixtures composed of volatile liquid and solid compounds depend upon their composition and their boiling point. Now days there are several processes like distillation, enfleurage, maceration, expression, solvent extraction and fluid extraction are available for extraction of plant component. This review also summarizes the characters of phytoconstituents, choice of solvents, influence of solvents, extraction strategy, procedures for extraction of herbal drugs and treatment of drug residue after extraction.
The present work deals with the formulation and evaluation of mucoadhesive microspheres containing glycyrrhetinic acid. Mucoadhesive microspheres were prepared by single phase emulsification method and heat stabilization method. Chemical stabilization appeared as fast and simple technique for producing glycyrrhetinic acid loaded microspheres. Microspheres prepared by this method produced sufficient production yield, high drug encapsulation efficiency and reproducibility. Among the different formulations, microspheres with drug -polymer ratio of 1:1 (C1) was found to have the maximum mucoadhesive property as well as in vitro and in vivo drug release property. Therefore, it could be considered as the best formulation.
The plain 5-fluorouracil (5FU) formulations available in the market are associated with adverse effects such as skin irritation, pruritus, redness, blisters, allergy, and dryness on the site of application. The objective of the present study was to develop a liposomal emulgel of 5FU with increased skin permeability and efficacy using clove oil and eucalyptus oil along with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, excipients, stabilizers, binders, and additives. A series of seven formulations were developed and evaluated for their entrapment efficiency, in vitro release profile, and cumulative drug release profile. The compatibility of drugs and excipients, as confirmed by FTIR (fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) and DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) as well as SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and TEM (transmission electron microscopy) studies, revealed that the size and shape of liposomes are smooth and spherical, and the liposomes are non-aggregated. To understand their efficacy, the optimized formulations were evaluated for cytotoxicity using B16-F10 mouse skin melanoma cells. The eucalyptus oil and clove oil-containing preparation significantly produced a cytotoxic effect against a melanoma cell line. The addition of clove oil and eucalyptus oil increased the efficacy of the formulation by improving skin permeability and reducing the dose required for the anti-skin cancer activity.
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