To evaluate the anti‐obesity effects of chlorogenic acid (CGA), the mice were fed a high‐fat diet (HFD) upon chlorogenic acid treatment for 6 weeks. The results showed administration of chlorogenic acid (150 mg per kg per day) remarkably promoted body loss, reduced lipid levels in plasma and altered mRNA expression of lipogenesis and lipolysis related genes in adipose tissue. Moreover, chlorogenic acid also reversed the HFD‐induced gut microbiota dysbiosis, including significantly inhibiting the growth of Desulfovibrionaceae, Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Erysipelotrichaceae, and raising the growth of Bacteroidaceae, Lactobacillaceae. Overall, the amelioration of HFD‐induced gut microbiota dysbiosis by chlorogenic acid may contribute, at least partially, to its beneficial effects on ameliorating HFD‐induced obesity.

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Background Polyphenols are a class of plant secondary metabolites with a variety of physiological functions. Polyphenols and their intestinal metabolites could greatly affect host energy metabolism via multiple mechanisms. Objective The objective of this review was to elaborate the role of intestinal microecology in the regulatory effects of dietary polyphenols and their metabolites on energy metabolism. Methods In this review, we illustrated the potential mechanisms of energy metabolism regulated by the crosstalk between polyphenols and intestinal microecology including intestinal microbiota, intestinal epithelial cells, and mucosal immune system. Results Polyphenols can selectively regulate the growth of susceptible microorganisms (eg. reducing the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroides, promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria and inhibiting pathogenic bacteria) as well as alter bacterial enzyme activity. Moreover, polyphenols can influence the absorption and secretion of intestinal epithelial cells, and alter the intestinal mucosal immune system. Conclusion The intestinal microecology play a crucial role for the regulation of energy metabolism by dietary polyphenols.