Purpose: Cancer-testis (CT) antigens are often expressed in a proportion of tumors of various types. Their restricted normal tissue expression and immunogenicity make them potential targets for immunotherapy. CABYR is a calcium-binding tyrosine phosphorylation–regulated fibrous sheath protein initially reported to be testis specific and subsequently shown to be present in brain tumors. This study was to determine whether CABYR is a novel CT antigen in lung cancer.
Experimental Design: mRNA expression of CABYR-a/b (combination of CABYR-a and CABYR-b) and CABYR-c was examined in 36 lung cancer specimens, 14 cancer cell lines, and 1 normal cell line by conventional and real-time reverse transcription-PCR. Protein expression of CABYR was analyzed in 50 lung cancer tissues by immunohistochemistry. Antibodies specific to CABYR were analyzed in sera from 174 lung cancer patients and 60 healthy donors by ELISA and Western blot.
Results: mRNA expression of CABYR-a/b and CABYR-c was observed, respectively, in 13 and 15 of 36 lung cancer tissues as well as in 3 and 5 of 14 cancer cell lines, whereas neither of them was observed in adjacent noncancerous tissues or the normal cell line. Protein expression of CABYR-a/b and CABYR-c was observed, respectively, in 20 and 19 of 50 lung cancer tissues. IgG antibodies specific to CABYR-a/b and CABYR-c were detected, respectively, in 11% and 9% of sera from lung cancer patients but not from the 60 healthy donors.
Conclusion: CABYR is a novel CT antigen in lung cancer and may be a promising target for immunotherapy for lung cancer patients.
This paper discusses experimental research on the aerodynamic characteristics of base bleeding with combustion of fuel-rich solid fuel in flows at subsonic, transonic, and supersonic speeds. The effects of ejection parameter, freestream Mach number, geometry parameter of jet hole, rotary speed of model, and combustion temperature at jet hole on the base drag reduction rate for the model are investigated. The results show significant differences of drag reduction characteristics between base combustion of fuel-rich solid fuel and base bleeding of cold or hot gas. Nomenclature C Db = base-drag coefficient without base combustion (or base-bleed) C Dbj = base-drag coefficient with base combustion (or base-bleed) &C Db = (C Db = base-drag reduction rate due to base -C Dbj )/C Db combustion (or base-bleed) D b = base diameter DJ = jet hole diameter / = m/pVS b = ejection parameter Mso = Mach number of freestream m = mass burning rate of fuel-rich solid fuel P b = base pressure of model P^ = static pressure of freestream R = mean linear burning rate with rotation -0 = mean linear burning rate with zero rotary speed S b = base area of model T b= combustion temperature at jet hole T 0 = total temperature of freestream t = combustion time V = velocity of freestream p = density of freestream -(dC Db /dI) I=0 = drag reduction efficiency of base combustion (or base bleed)
Abstract3D printing electronics provides great potential to build structural objects with multiple functionalities, with the assistance of shape design and the shear force on the filler orientation. In the study, nano–microanisotropic sensors with oriented fillers assure its linear sensitive properties, where the sensors are 3D‐printed based upon the carbon fiber (CF)‐ and multiwalled carbon nanotube (MCNT)‐filled polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The synergistic effect of CF and MCNT modifies the printability, mechanical properties, and sensitivity of printed sensors. The introduction of anticatalyst and catalyst guarantee the printable mixtures with a stable printability in a long term (>15 days). Assisted by the shear flow, the fillers own the orientation ration of 78.53%, which further contribute to the linear sensing behaviors under the tensile strain of 0–20% and compressive stress of 0–20 kPa. Frequency‐domain signals and visual demonstration on the cyclic stretch test reveal that the double peak is originated from the hysteresis of the strain to applied stress. Anisotropic electromechanical behaviors of the resistors will inspire to quantitatively analyze multidimensional strains in practical applications. The fingerprint inspired resistors with multiple sensing signals further demonstrate the convenience of the printing process on the design of wearable electronics.
Numerical simulation of low speed high Angle of attack rotating missile was carried out by using different turbulence models, and the numerical simulation results were compared with the experimental results. The results show that the SST-DDES model can well simulate the aerodynamic characteristics of the rotating missile at low speed and high Angle of attack. Under the condition of low speed and high Angle of attack, the difference of the lateral force produced by the missile’s tail fin is small, and the variation of the total missile lateral force mainly depends on the variation of the projectile body lateral force. When the Angle of attack increases from 40.1° to 60.1°, the direction of the missile’s lateral force changes. This is because with the increase of the Angle of attack, the fluid velocity perpendicular to the projectile increases, resulting in the interaction and fusion of asymmetric vortexes on the leeward side, resulting in the change of lateral force direction.
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