are more convenient and secure to be transported and stored. However, the conversion efficiencies of these AORs are commonly inferior to hydrogen oxidation. This is partially due to the sluggish kinetics of multielectrons' transferred processes inside alcohols (e.g., methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, and glycerol). [7][8][9][10][11] In this regard, various catalysts of both noble and non-noble metals have been designed and synthesized to boost such sluggish AORs. Although noble metal catalysts (e.g., Pd, Pt, and Rh) are more expensive than non-noble metals (e.g., Ni, Co, and Mn), their more negative AOR onset potentials make them superior for the construction of DAFCs, [4,5,11] originating from their unique electronic structures. Among reported noble-based catalysts, those based on the Pt metal are regarded as the star electrocatalysts for the AORs in terms of their oxidation overpotentials and Tafel slopes. [12,13] Notably, their alloys with other metals (e.g., Ru, Ni, Co, Pd, Rh, and Au) exhibit strong adsorption capability toward OH species or a so-called bifunctional mechanism, leading to improved AOR performance. [14][15][16][17] On the other hand, the serious poisoning effect of the carbonaceous intermediates (especially CO) hinders dramatically the activity of the used catalysts (especially the Pt catalysts) and eventually leads to much reduced conversion efficiencies of the AORs. [18,19] In this context, the screwlike PdPt alloy nanowires [19] and PdPt alloy nanoparticles [20] have been employed to replace single metallic Pt catalysts for methanol electro-oxidation reaction (MOR). Originating from varied electronic structures that are induced by the addition of Pd atoms, these PdPt alloys have been confirmed as commendable MOR catalysts. Although the sizes and compositions of these catalysts have been tuned and the AOR performance on these catalysts has been explored, the performance of these bimetallic heterostructures/catalysts is still far away for their commercial applications. The catalysts featuring superior AOR performance over those reported are still highly demanded for the construction of high-performance DAFCs.It has been well known that the optimization of these noble-metallic heterostructures/catalysts with respect to their morphologies and exposed facets is helpful to enhance their catalytic performance. [21][22][23][24] Among various heterostructures, a catalyst with a core-shell structure has been attracted special attention. [25][26][27][28][29][30] Its structure and its catalytic activity of the shell are revealed to be highly dependent on the used core. [31][32][33][34] This is because the strain effect (expansion or compression) can be Direct alcohol fuel cells (DAFCs) utilize alcohol electro-oxidation reactions (AORs) to provide electricity, where catalysts with optimal electronic structures are required to accelerate sluggish AORs. Herein, an electrocatalyst with an Au-nanorod core and a PdPt-alloy shell is designed. Its electronic structures are modulated through epitaxial growth ...

Herein, CeO2-modified PdAg alloy nanocomposites were anchored on mesoporous carbon, showing exceedingly high catalytic activity for HCOOH dehydrogenation at room temperature.

Bimetallic CoPt nanoparticles supported on shape-controlled La(OH)3 were synthesized by a one-step co-reduction synthetic process and used as a highly effective and magnetically recyclable catalyst for the selective decomposition of hydrous hydrazine.

Cu-Al spinel oxide, which contains a small portion of the CuO phase, has been successfully used in methanol steam reforming (MSR) without prereduction. The omission of prereduction not only avoids the copper sintering prior to the catalytic reaction, but also slows down the copper-sintering rate in MSR. During this process, the CuO phase can initiate MSR at a lower temperature, and CuAl2O4 releases active copper gradually. The catalyst CA2.5-900, calcined at 900 °C with n(Al)/n(Cu) = 2.5, has a higher CuAl2O4 content, higher BET surface area, and smaller CuAl2O4 crystal size. Its activity first increases and then decreases during MSR. Furthermore, both fresh and regenerated CA2.5-900 showed better catalytic performance than the commercial Cu-Zn-Al catalyst.

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A thermo-regulated recyclable ionic liquid catalyst bearing acidic functional group for fructose dehydration to produce HMF in 91.2% yield.

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A co-precipitation method was used to prepare a series of Co 3 O 4 supported gold nanoparticles (Au/Co 3 O 4 ), which were subsequently evaluated on their performances for "one-pot" synthesis of tricyclodecanedimethylol (TDDMO) from dicyclopentadiene (DCPD). Characterization methods including FTIR, XPS and TG-DTA were performed on the Au/Co 3 O 4 catalyst during the course of reaction to reveal that three distinct stages of catalysis occurred while the catalyst possessed different physiochemical properties. "One-pot" synthesis of TDDMO was successfully realized with selectivity over 90% under relatively mild reaction conditions of 140-150 o C reaction temperature and 7-9 MPa pressure. Experimental data suggested that the catalytically active species might be a Co(CO) x (PPh) y complex where the presence of gold can assist the in-situ reduction of Co 3 O 4 to metallic cobalt under reaction conditions, thereby increasing the number of active sites. Another role of Au was proposed as facilitating hydrogenation of in-situ formed intermediate aldehyde, diformyltricyclodecanes (DFTD), to produce the final product TDDMO.