AIMTo investigate the efficacy and safety of postoperative adjuvant transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (PA-TACE) in preventing tumor recurrence and improving survival in Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) early (A) and intermediate (B) stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with microvascular invasion (MVI).METHODSA total of 519 BCLC A or B HCC patients treated by liver resection alone or followed by PA-TACE between January 2012 and December 2015 were studied retrospectively. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to investigate the risk factors for recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). Multiple logistic regression was used to identify the clinicopathological characteristics associated with MVI. The rates of RFS and OS were compared among patients with or without MVI treated with liver resection alone or followed by PA-TACE.RESULTSUnivariate and multivariate analyses demonstrated that serum AFP level > 400 ng/mL, tumor size > 5 cm, tumor capsule invasion, MVI, and major hepatectomy were risk factors for poor OS. Tumor capsule invasion, MVI, tumor size > 5 cm, HBV-DNA copies > 1 x 104 IU/mL, and multinodularity were risk factors for poor RFS. Multiple logistic regression identified serum AFP level > 400 ng/mL, tumor size > 5 cm, and tumor capsule invasion as independent predictors of MVI. Both OS and DFS were significantly improved in patients with MVI who received PA-TACE as compared to those who underwent liver resection alone. Patients without MVI did not show a significant difference in OS and RFS between those treated by liver resection alone or followed by PA-TACE.CONCLUSIONPA-TACE is a safe adjuvant intervention and can efficiently prevent tumor recurrence and improve the survival of BCLC early- and intermediate-stage HCC patients with MVI.

Aim: Conventional transarterial chemoembolization (cTACE)is widely used for treating patients with inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A variation on the technique based on drug-eluting beads (DEB-TACE) has recently entered the clinic, but trials of its safety and efficacy have given conflicting results. This systematic review aimed to gain a current, comprehensive picture of how DEB-TACE compares with cTACE.Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure database and clinical trial registries were searched through June 2014. Risk ratios (RR), hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Results:The analysis included four randomized controlled trials, one uncontrolled prospective study and one prospective case-control study, altogether involving 652 patients. Overall survival benefit was similar between cTACE and DEB-TACE patients (HR = 1.07, 95% CI = 0.82-1.40, P = 0.875). However, DEB-TACE was associated with a significantly higher objective tumor response rate (RR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.01-1.29, P = 0.03) and a slightly lower incidence of adverse events. Conclusion:Though the available evidence suggests that although DEB-TACE is associated with better tumor response and potentially fewer adverse events, it does not provide greater survival benefit than cTACE. These results need to be validated in high-quality trials with large sample size.

Background: Increased long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) expression is characteristic to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and several other neoplasms. The present study aimed to identify the mechanism underlying modulation of HCC development by the lncRNA metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1). Methods: Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to determine MALAT1 and microRNA (miR)-146a expression in HCC tissues and cell lines. Western blotting was performed to measure PI3K, Akt, and mTOR levels. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to validate the direct targeting and negative regulatory interaction between miR-146a and MALAT1. Cell viability, proliferation, and apoptosis were analyzed using an 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay, colony formation assay, and flow cytometry, respectively; autophagy was detected based on LC3B expression. Results: MALAT1 expression was higher in HCC tissues than in normal tissues. MALAT1 upregulation promoted HCC cell proliferation, whereas MALAT1 downregulation promoted HCC apoptosis and autophagy. Moreover, effects of MALAT1 downregulation on HCC cells were abolished by miR-146a inhibition. miR-146a directly targeted the 3′-untranslated region of PI3K, and PI3K protein level was clearly decreased upon miR-146a mimic transfection. Conclusions: MALAT1 may modulate HCC cell proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy via sponging miR-146a, which regulates HCC progression.

BackgroundSorafenib and transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) are recommended therapies for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but their combined efficacy remains unclear.MethodsBetween August 2004 and November 2014, 104 patients with BCLC stage B/C HCC were enrolled at the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, China. Forty-eight patients were treated with sorafenib alone (sorafenib group) and 56 with TACE plus sorafenib (TACE + sorafenib group). Baseline demographic/clinical data were collected. The primary outcomes were median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary outcomes were overall response rate (ORR) and sorafenib-related adverse events (AEs). Baseline characteristics associated with disease prognosis were identified using multivariate Cox hazards regression.ResultsThe mean age of the 104 patients (94 males; 90.38%) was 49.02 ± 12.29 years. Of the baseline data, only albumin level (P = 0.028) and Child-Pugh class (P = 0.017) differed significantly between groups. Median OS did not differ significantly between the sorafenib and TACE + sorafenib groups (18.0 vs. 22.0 months, P = 0.223). Median PFS was significantly shorter in the sorafenib group than that in the TACE + sorafenib group (6.0 vs. 8.0 months, P = 0.004). Six months after treatments, the ORRs were similar between the sorafenib and TACE + sorafenib groups (12.50% vs. 18.75%, P = 0.425). The rates of grade III–IV adverse events in sorafenib and TACE + sorafenib groups were 29.2% vs. 23.2%, respectively. TACE plus sorafenib treatment (HR = 0.498, 95% CI = 0.278–0.892), no vascular invasion (HR = 0.354, 95% CI = 0.183–0.685) and Child-Pugh class A (HR = 0.308, 95% CI = 0.141–0.674) were significantly associated with better OS, while a larger tumor number was predictive of poorer OS (HR = 1.286, 95% CI = 1.031–1.604). TACE plus sorafenib treatment (HR = 0.461, 95% CI = 0.273–0.780) and no vascular invasion (HR = 0.557, 95% CI = 0.314–0.988) were significantly associated with better PFS.ConclusionsCompared with sorafenib alone, combining TACE with sorafenib might prolong survival and delay disease progression in patients with advanced HCC.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-017-3545-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to compare the long-term outcome of patients with a solitary large (>5 cm) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage A who received liver resection (LR) or transarterial chemoembolization (TACE).MethodsOur study examined 128 patients treated by LR and 90 treated by TACE. To reduce bias in patient selection, we conducted propensity score analysis in the present study and 54 pairs of patients after propensity score matching were generated, their long-term survival was compared using the Kaplan–Meier method. Independent predictors of survival were identified by multivariate analysis.ResultsLong-term survival was significantly better for the LR group by log-rank test (P<0.001). In multivariate analysis, tumor size, serum ALT level and TACE independently predicted survival. Despite similar baseline characteristics after propensity score matching, LR group still had significantly better survival (1 year, 68.5 vs. 55.0%; 3 years, 47.6 vs. 21.2%; 5 years, 41.3 vs. 18.5%; P = 0.007) than TACE group. The LR and TACE groups had comparable 30- and 90-day post-treatment mortality. Multivariate analysis showed that serum ALT level, serum AFP level and TACE independently predicted survival by multivariate analysis after propensity score matching.ConclusionOur propensity-score-matched study suggested that LR provided significantly better long-term survival than TACE for a solitary large HCC of the BCLC stage A, regardless of tumor size.

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate the long-term survival and prognosis for primary clear cell carcinoma of the liver (PCCCL) of the liver after hepatectomy.MethodsOur study retrospectively analyzed the clinicopathological data of 64 patients with PCCCL (PCCCL group) and 247 with nonclear cell hepatocellular carcinoma (NHCC group) after hepatectomy between January 1996 and December 2006. The overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival of the two groups was compared using the Kaplan–Meier method. Prognostic factors of survival were identified by multivariate analysis.ResultsThe 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS (P=0.016) and disease-free survival (P<0.001) of the PCCCL group were significantly higher than that of the NHCC group. In mutivariate analysis, tumor size >5 cm, presence of portal vein tumor thrombosis and proportion of clear cells ≤70% were risk factors for OS of the PCCCL group. The prognosis of a subgroup with higher proportion of clear cells was markedly better than that of the subgroup with a lower proportion of clear cells.ConclusionOur results suggested that the prognosis of patients with PCCCL was better than that of the patients with NHCC. The higher the proportion of clear cells, the better the prognosis.

Our findings suggest that HR can be safe and more effective than TACE for patients with solitary huge HCC.

PHR may be associated with resection-induced immunosuppression in patients with HBV-related HCC.