Objective To estimate the frequency of unexpected first-trimester ultrasound findings that would alter prenatal management in pregnant women eligible for cell-free (cf) DNA screening because of advanced maternal age (AMA). Methods This was a retrospective cohort study of all AMA women at a tertiary care center who had a 10–14-week ultrasound examination between 1 January 2012 and 27 April 2015. Information on pregnancy dating, obstetric ultrasound examination, prenatal screening and genetic testing were collected from a perinatal database. The primary outcome was an unexpected ultrasound finding in the first trimester that would alter the prenatal screening/testing strategy. Results In total, 2337 women met the inclusion criteria, with a total of 2462 fetuses. Sixty-eight (2.9%) women had an anomalous fetus, of which 44 (64.7%) had diagnostic testing. In the entire cohort, a non-viable pregnancy was identified in 153 (6.5%) women. Multiple gestation was identified in 32 (1.4%) women; five had a cotwin demise. Gestational dating was revised for 126 (5.4%) women. Among those who opted for aneuploidy screening (n = 1806), 68.5% had cfDNA screening and 31.5% had first-trimester screening by analysis of maternal serum biomarkers and nuchal translucency thickness. Among those eligible for cfDNA screening, 16.1% (95% CI, 15.0–18.0%; 377/2337) had an ultrasound finding (anomaly, incorrect dating, multiple gestation, non-viable pregnancy) at the time of testing that would have altered the provider’s counseling regarding the prenatal screening/testing strategy. Conclusions A substantial proportion of AMA women eligible for cfDNA screening have fetal ultrasound findings that could alter genetic testing strategy and clinical management. This study recommends ultrasound examination prior to cfDNA screening in AMA women. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

We present RNNbow, an interactive tool for visualizing the gradient flow during backpropagation training in recurrent neural networks. RNNbow is a web application that displays the relative gradient contributions from Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) cells in a neighborhood of an element of a sequence. We describe the calculation of backpropagation through time (BPTT) that keeps track of itemized gradients, or gradient contributions from one element of a sequence to previous elements of a sequence. By visualizing the gradient, as opposed to activations, RNNbow offers insight into how the network is learning. We use it to explore the learning of an RNN that is trained to generate code in the C programming language. We show how it uncovers insights into the vanishing gradient as well as the evolution of training as the RNN works its way through a corpus.

Little is published about the information-seeking habits of contemporary Egyptian artists, a community of creative intellectuals at the forefront of the current political and cultural revolution in the Middle East. Using Susie Cobbledick's and William S. Hemmig's frameworks for understanding the information-seeking patterns of artists, this article interprets the responses of young Egyptian artists through a phenomenographic analysis. The author presents the results of in-depth interviews with eight Cairo-based artists, carefully examining five types of artists' information needs. backgroundThe protest movement known as the Arab Spring started in several Middle Eastern countries in late 2010. Protests in Egypt began in January of 2012, and by February then-President Hosni Mubarak resigned his office. Political power was transferred to the Armed Forces of Egypt. In November, Mohamed Morsi was democratically elected president. After a brief period of calm, protests erupted again in the summer of 2013, and Morsi was removed from government. As of this writing, the political future of Egypt is still uncertain.The violent protests and political upheaval have made lasting impressions on artists living in Cairo. Many were active participants in the early demonstrations; however, the revolution has not had a large impact on their creative needs and access to information. The challenges they faced before Arab Spring were not remedied by the protests. An outdated government-run educational system poorly prepares Egyptian students to think independently or pursue creative careers. A rigid political system greatly affects access to information, as does a religious culture that may be intolerant of Western perspectives. Access to digital content is limited by both technology and language. English as a second language, lack of Arabic language content, and trans-

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Being responsive to the experiences, ideas, and stories of others is an essential trait for democratic citizens. Responsiveness promotes the general welfare, it shows respect for others, and allows for what Tony Laden has called the social practice of reasoning. Political theorists have shown how responsiveness is a middle ground between dominance and acquiescence, where citizens show a willingness to be moved by those around them. Responsiveness is tested, though, when citizens interact with those who hold what are thought to be immoral or unjust beliefs. The key question: Is it possible to engage responsively with those who hold morally suspect beliefs, to be legitimately “moved” by those around us, without necessarily acquiescing to the moral problems? We argue that such engagement is both possible and desirable. There are at least five different ways to be moved by others in a productive, civic sense. We describe these modes, explain their moral depth, and give some examples. Civic educators should be aware of these modes and teach students how they can be manifest in democratic life.