ObjectiveThere are conflicting reports in the past literature documenting the tendency of anemia in patients with periodontitis. Hence, this study was undertaken to assess whether periodontitis may cause an anemic state, by evaluating and comparing the red blood cell count, levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), serum iron and serum ferritin between subjects with and without periodontitis.Methods:In this cross-sectional study, 140 systemically healthy subjects of both sexes (mean age 46 years) were recruited as control group (50 subjects without periodontitis) and study groups comprising 30 patients each with mild, moderate and severe chronic generalized periodontitis. Periodontal parameters and orthopantamographs were taken for all the groups and then 5 mL venous blood samples were sent for complete blood count and biochemical analysis. Inter-group and intra-group comparisons were performed for all the assessed parameters.Results:The periodontal parameters were significantly higher (P⩽.05) in periodontitis patients. Except for the ESR, which was significantly higher (P=.03) in the mild periodontitis group than the control group, hematological and biochemical parameters were not significantly different (P>.05) among the study groups or between the control and study groups. This difference was not evident even among the male and female subjects of both control and study groups (P>.05).Conclusions:Within the limits of this cross-sectional study, it can be concluded that the presence and severity of periodontitis may not affect the hematological and biochemical parameters of an individual. Further long term studies are however encouraged to validate these findings.

Consequences of missing teeth which involves impairment in esthetic and masticatory functions. Replacement of missing teeth using either removable or fixed prosthesis will require a adequate bone support. Due to various causes such as dental caries, periodontitis, trauma which leads to extraction of teeth. Naturally the alveolar bone is maintained by the presence of teeth that it retains. After extraction, the alveolar bone resorption occurs both in height and width of the residual ridge which is inevitable. In patients with insufficient bone height and width, the placement of dental implants in an ideal position is very difficult. It is necessary to restore the alveolar ridge anatomy for successfully placing implants. Various surgical techniques have been introduced to augment the lost bone and one of such technique is Tent Pole technique. KEY WORDS: Guided bone regeneration, Ridge augmentation, Tent pole technique

Implant stability can be defined as an absence of clinical implant mobility and consists of primary and secondary implant stability. It has been recognised as one of the most important and useful factors when it comes to predicting implant anchorage. Primary stability includes the mechanical attachment of an implant in the surrounding bone at the insertion, whereas secondary implant stability is the tissue response to the implant and subsequent bone remodelling processes. It is known to be a crucial factor for successful osseointegration of dental implants. There is sufficient evidence to accept a positive correlation between primary implant stability and implant success, as the success relies on the sustainable integration of the implants into hard and soft tissues. This review extensively focuses on different factors affecting primary stability such as implant design and characteristics, bone quality and methods to measure implant stability. KEYWORDS: bone density, dental implants, implant stability, osseodensification, osseointegration