The transport behaviors and nanochannel structures of a graphene oxide (GO) membrane were studied for pervaporation dehydration of bio-oil with a high acidity and a complex composition. The GO membrane showed an unprecedentedly stable water flux of approximately 0.43 kg m −2 hr −1 , with a water content of 97 wt% in the permeate throughout 70 hr of pervaporation testing at 30 C. Both the calculated activation energy for water permeation and X-ray diffraction characterization results confirmed that the nanochannel structures of the GO membrane were temperature-and liquid media-responsive. The molecular intercalation-induced selfregulation of the size of laminar nanochannels in the GO membrane was suggested to be primarily responsible for the significantly reduced membrane fouling and the exceptionally stable pervaporation performance for the GO membrane. The mechanistic insights into the nanochannel structures and antifouling properties would provide important inspiration for the design of novel highly fouling-resistant membrane materials for practical applications.
Effective
water removal from bio-oil is very important for upgrading
bio-oil quality via esterification because water strongly inhibits
the conversion and simultaneously lowers the heating value. In the
present study, ZSM-5 zeolite membranes are applied to make bio-oil
pervaporation dehydration more efficient. An investigation of the
permeation performance demonstrated that water mainly permeated through
ZSM-5 membranes via intercrystalline pores, whereas intracrystalline
pores in the membrane were almost completely blocked because of intensive
membrane fouling. The above result showed that tuning water transport
paths was significantly important when designing high-performance
ZSM-5 membranes for bio-oil pervaporation. A decrease in membrane
fabrication time successfully created loose membrane structures with
abundant intercrystalline pores and resulted in highly selective and
stable ZSM-5 membranes with significantly improved permeation flux
in bio-oil dehydration. These robust ZSM-5 membranes show great potential
for bio-oil refining in industrial applications.
The lightweight carbon skeleton compounded with magnetic nanoparticles as excellent electromagnetic wave absorbers have attracted much attention considering their strong dielectric loss and magnetic loss, as well as the optimized...
As an important basis for determining the state of the liver, the mechanical responses are associated with many factors, and belong to a complex coupling system. Liver tissue has significantly complicated vascular channels. The vascular diameter, vascular deflection angle and vascular depth are defined as the key characteristic parameters. The influences of these parameters on the mechanical responses were analyzed. On the basis of the real mechanical parameters, the coupled numerical model of blood vessel, blood flow and liver tissue was established. The corresponding mechanical responses are obtained by utilizing the different vascular parameters. The effects of vascular parameters on the differences among the mechanical response difference and high strain modulus were analyzed. It was found that the blood vessels in the central area could reduce the liver mechanical response. The inner diameter parameter had main influences on the regions where the stain was more than 0.1. The mechanical difference is greater with larger inner diameter. The influences of vascular depth are greatest when the vascular depth was in the intermediate value, which would increase the liver mechanical responses. With the increment of vascular deflection angle, the liver mechanical response would also increase, and exceed the mechanical response without blood vessels. The findings after analyzing the influence of vascular parameters will provide a basis for the quantitative studies on the influence of blood vessels.
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