In this study, bioactive peptides (RBPs) from Ruditapes philippinarum were prepared by fermentation with Bacillus natto and the effect and mechanisms of RBPs on obesity and hyperlipidemia were explored in mice. We found that RBPs significantly reduced body weight, adipose tissue weight, accumulation of hepatic lipids, and serum levels of total cholesterol (CHO), triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Mechanistic studies showed that RBPs up-regulated the hepatic expression of genes related to lipolysis, such as hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors α (PPARα), and down-regulated the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors γ (PPARγ) which is related to lipid synthesis. In addition, RBPs could attenuate obesity and hyperlipidemia by regulating disordered gut microbiota composition, such as increasing the abundance of microflora related to the synthesis of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) (Bacteroidetes, Prevotellaceas_UCG_001, norank_f_Muribaculaceae, and Odoribacter) and controlling those related to intestinal inflammation (reduced abundance of Deferribacteres and increased abundance of Alistipes and ASF356) to exert anti-obesity and lipid-lowering activities. Our findings laid the foundation for the development and utilization of RBPs as a functional food to ameliorate obesity and hyperlipidemia.
The study evaluated the antimicrobial and antioxidant effects of the combinations of nisin (NS), tea polyphenols (TP), rosemary extract (RE) and chitosan (CS) on low-temperature chicken sausage. An orthogonal test revealed that the most effective antimicrobial compositions were equal-quantity mixtures of 0.05% NS + 0.05% TP + 0.03% RE + 0.55% CS . The mixture also produced strong antimicrobial and antioxidant effects in low-temperature chicken sausage related to extend the shelf life to more than 30 days at 4°C. The study also investigated the inhibitory zone of NS, TP, RE and CS against Pseudomonas aeruginosa , lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and Staphylococcus aureus which were the dominant spoilage bacteria in low-temperature chicken sausage. NS had the greatest inhibitory effect on LAB and Staphylococcus aureus , exhibiting clear zone diameters of 19.7 mm and 17.8 mm respectively. TP had the largest inhibitory effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa , exhibiting a clear zone diameter of 18.2 mm. These results indicated that the combination of NS, TP, RE and CS could be used as natural preservative s to efficiently inhibit the growth of spoilage microorganisms in low-temperature chicken sausage so as to improve its safety and shelf life.
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