The nutrient foramina are cavities that conduct the nutrient arteries and the peripheral nerves on the shaft of long bones. Long bones receive most of the interosseous blood supply from the nutrient arteries, and sometimes through the periosteal vessels. Nutrient arteries play an important role in nutrition and growth of the bones particularly during its growth period in the embryo and fetus as well as during early phases of ossification. The present study was conducted in the
Identification of sex by human skeletal remains is a critical problem and is very important in anthropological and medico legal works. Bones often survive the process of decay and therefore provide the major evidence of human age and sex after death. Over the years different authors had carried various types of measurements on human sacra of different races and regions. The present study carried out 81 sacra of unknown sex contains 45 male and 36 female sacra identified by physical characteristics. They were collected from Telangana and Andhra Pradesh region. India may be divided into four regions like North part, South part, West part, and East part for different study purpose on local population. In the present study mean sacral index in males is 104.08 and females are 115.72. The male mean sacral index value of present study is more than the values of Eastern part, north part, other worker of Southern part of India and western part except in Western part in Western Rajasthan population. The female mean sacral index value of present study is higher than the observation of Eastern part, other workers of Southern part of India, Varanasi and Jammu of north part of India and Saurashtra region of western region of India. Observations of the workers from remaining areas of Western part of India and Agra region of North India is higher than the present study. The studies on Indian population suggest that mean sacral index in females is higher than that of males.
Background: One in three adults worldwide has high blood pressure and proportion increases with age. Detecting high blood pressure is easy. Hence a study for prevalence of hypertension was conducted in an urban slum of Pune, Maharashtra.Methods: The study was conducted in an urban slum field practice area exclusively under the community medicine department of a tertiary care hospital during the period of February 2014- July 2014. Overall 1043 people fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were interviewed, and anthropometric measurements were taken, followed by blood pressure readings and awareness of own hypertensive status. Data was compiled, edited, classified, and analyzed. The prevalence of hypertensive patients was obtained and physical and behavioral risk factors were analyzed for association.Results: The prevalence of hypertension in adults above 18 years of age was 25.6% with mean age of hypertensive patients was 48.58±15.75 yrs. Hypertension was significantly associated with age, habit of adding extra salt to cooked food, family history, BMI and consumption of smokeless form of tobacco among the study participants. Hypertension was not significantly associated with gender and religion of the participants. Of the 267 hypertensives, 40.82% were aware of their hypertensive status and amongst those aware 61.46% were on anti-hypertensives.Conclusions: Hypertension is a public health problem affecting slum population as well. It is significantly associated with risk factors, which are modifiable. The awareness of hypertensive status is low, the under treatment is lower. The population in slum, with its poor literacy, low awareness and income levels provides an opportunity to make an intervention necessary as well as challenging.
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