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Background Cervical cancer is one of the common cancers in women accounting for 7.9% of all cancers. In India it is the second commonest cancer in women. The immortality of the cancer cell and the relatively long time frame from acquisition of infection to development of cervical cancer was established. As major advancements like LBC, HPV testing were introduced in the recent years, screening has taken a new avatar, the Molecular pap!! The objectives of this study were: To compare gynecologic cytology and abnormal results with respect to conventional and LBC. To study the role of HPV cotesting and ancillary tests performed, that is, HPV CISH, and p16ink4a by IHC. Methods About 71 924 Conventional and LBC samples were included from August 2009 to December 2017. Cases for HPV testing along the conventional smears were 1539. HPV can be tested from the same LBC vial as the sample remains stable at room temperature for 6 weeks. HPV DNA PCR was carried out in our laboratory for High and Low risk genotypes. Cytology findings were also correlated with histology. Results Detection rate of SILs in LBC samples were higher (2.20%). The commonest abnormality was LSIL in LBC and ASCUS in conventional smears. Commonest HR HPV and LR HPV detected was 1 61 856 and 61 142. Conclusion LBC with HPV cotesting improves sensitivity and specificity and reduces ambiguous results; allows better compliance, as a negative result of both tests allows patients to get screening every 5 years, thereby increasing screening intervals, important in a resource limited situation.

A total of 3,806 samples from suspected cases of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) were subjected to GeneXpert Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)/rifampin (RIF) assay. Samples consisted of body fluids, pleural fluids, pus and aspirates, lymph node (LN) tissues, and others. Mycobacterium tuberculosis positivity was detected in 18.10% and RIF positivity in 2.73% samples. The MTB/RIF positivity was found highest in pus and aspirates (40.38%). In this study, assay failure rate for GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay was very low (1.99%). It is concluded from this study that GeneXpert MTB/RIF is an efficient, reliable, simple, and fast technique for rapid diagnosis of EPTB in our country where incidence of tuberculosis remains high.

Introduction: Conventional methods like Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) staining and liquid culture have been the mainstay for diagnosis of Tuberculosis (TB). The gold standard Liquid Culture method has a longer turnaround time. In the wake of the TB catastrophe, newer rapid and easily accessible methods of detection are the need of the hour. A molecular method like the Xpert MTB/RIF assay has revolutionized the early and rapid diagnosis of TB. Objective of the current study was to assess the performance and utility of Xpert MTB/RIF assay for the diagnosis of M. tuberculosis in pulmonary and extra-pulmonary clinical specimens in a large Indian reference laboratory.Methodology: The reference methods used were MGIT Liquid Culture system and ZN smear microscopy. Our study was performed in Global Reference Laboratory, Metropolis Healthcare, Mumbai, India for a period of 18 months with consecutive one thousand and forty two (518 Pulmonary + 524 extra-pulmonaryspecimens) clinical specimens obtained from the patients with clinical suspicion of tuberculosis. Diagnostic performance (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of the three methods were calculated with standard formulae.Results: In comparison to MGIT Liquid culture, sensitivity of Xpert MTB/RIF assay for pulmonary and extra pulmonary specimens were 87.18% and 68.92%, respectively while in comparison to ZN smear microscopy the sensitivity of Xpert MTB/RIF assay for pulmonary and extra pulmonary specimens were 92.67% and 83.81%, respectively.Conclusion: Our study concludes that in combination with the MGIT culture, Xpert MTB/RIF assay will significantly improve the detection rate of MTB bacteria.SAARC J TUBER LUNG DIS HIV/AIDS, 2017; XIV(1), page: 7-13

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