The effluents from textile industries without proper treatment contains a remarkable amount of synthetic dyes which are harmful to the environment and a big challenge globally to degrade it with a eco-friendly way. Conventional methods are extremely energy-consuming, non-effective and generate a toxic sludge impacting the environment. Several microorganisms can be utilized to treat these effluents. The research deals with five bacteria isolated from textile effluent and their consortium for the biodegradation ability of Novacron dyes. The isolates were identified through the Biolog™ identification system and molecular technique. Biodegradation was confirmed by measuring optical density (OD) optimizing conditions (pH 7.0, temperature 37 °C, 10 % inoculums and 100 mg/L dye) under static condition. The isolates started decolourization at 24 h whereas, the consortium started decolourization at 18 h and exhibited a maximum after 72 h. The presence of low molecular weight protein as metabolite supported the biodegradation and non hazardous to environment. This study revealed that these bacteria might have degradation potentials, and research results will help to set up dye removal eco-friendly methods to expose the dye effulents to environment in future.
This experiment was conducted to characterize potential Lactobacillus spp. isolated from mother's milk and infant feces to obtain new and specific probiotic strains. In this study, seven ascendant strains were identified as Lactobacillus spp. based on their morphological characteristics and biochemical properties. Among them, only one (C-1) isolate was identified as Lactobacillus oris through BioLogTM identification. The study further investigated the isolate through probiotic potentiality tests such as pH and bile tolerance, NaCl tolerance test, gastric juice tolerance, antioxidant activity, resistance to hydrogen, reduction of sodium nitrate, antimicrobial activity, and antibiotic susceptibility test. The result showed that the strain is a potential probiotic based on probiotic capability. The identified strain was most acid-tolerant and retained around 80% viability for up to 4 h at pH 1.0 and 2.0. The isolate showed tolerance against up to 1.50% bile concentration and gastric juice and was able to grow 1–6% NaCl concentrations. Lactobacillus oris showed resistance to most antibiotics as well as antagonistic activity against the tested pathogen, good antioxidant properties, reduction of sodium nitrate and H2O2. The isolate exhibited good intestinal epithelial adhesion properties, and SDS page was performed for secreted protein analysis. Moreover, the strain showed promising cholesterol-lowering properties based on the cholesterol level. This present result indicates that L. oris has superior probiotic properties and can be regarded as a potential probiotic candidate.
Background Streptococcus pneumoniae (SPN) is the agent responsible for causing respiratory diseases, including pneumonia, which causes severe health hazards and child deaths globally. Antibiotics are used to treat SPN as a first-line treatment, but nowadays, SPN is showing resistance to several antibiotics. A vaccine can overcome this global problem by preventing this deadly pathogen. The conventional methods of wet-laboratory vaccine design and development are an intense, lengthy, and costly procedure. In contrast, epitope-based in silico vaccine designing can save time, money, and energy. In this study, pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA), one of the major virulence factors of SPN, is used to design a multi-epitope vaccine. Methods For designing the vaccine, the sequence of PspA was retrieved, and then, phylogenetic analysis was performed. Several CTL epitopes, HTL epitopes, and LBL epitopes of PspA were all predicted by using several bioinformatics tools. After checking the antigenicity, allergenicity, and toxicity scores, the best epitopes were selected for the vaccine construction, and then, physicochemical and immunological properties were analyzed. Subsequently, vaccine 3D structure prediction, refinement, and validation were performed. Molecular docking, molecular dynamic simulation, and immune simulation were performed to ensure the binding between HLA and TLR4. Finally, codon adaptation and in silico cloning were performed to transfer into a suitable vector. Results The constructed multi-epitope vaccine showed a strong binding affinity with the receptor molecule TLR4. Analysis of molecular dynamic simulation, C-immune simulation, codon adaptation, and in silico cloning validated that our designed vaccine is a suitable candidate against SPN. Conclusion The in silico analysis has proven the vaccine as an alternative medication to combat against S. pneumoniae. The designated vaccine can be further tested in the wet lab, and a novel vaccine can be developed.
Conventional growth media for microbes contains lots of non-edible components that are harmful to consume when the organism is ready to intake-like probiotics growing in chemical media (Lactobacillus grown in MRS media). The study was conducted to develop an edible and low-cost growth media that supports the growth of probiotics Lactic Acid bacteria for the enhancement of probiotic research. The 04 isolates of Lactobacillus (L. plantarum, L. rhamnosus, L. ferciminis and L. bifarmentans) and 02 Bifidobacterium (B. infantis and B. Bifidum) were used for the evaluation of medium efficacy. To formulate the edible culture media, 04 vegetables and 02 pulses were used.The media was formulated in different formulations. For Lactobacillus, maximum growth was observed at MM-2 media formulation that was about 15.62 log CFU/ml for L. plantarum and compared to MRS media that was 11.78 log CFU/ml. Bifidobaterium showed the highest viability at MW-1 edible media formulation which was about 12.72 log CFU/ml whereas in Bifidobacteria selective media the cell viability was 12.48 log CFU/ml. The edible media has no toxic or unhealthy effect on mice while trailing in an animal model and shows excellent results in encapsulation with alginate. In comparison with the performance of traditional chemical media, the formulated media were found to be cost-effective and safe for human consumption.
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